Hunhu hwemvura: Kutemerwa kwe turbidity (GB 13200-1991)" inoreva chiyero chepasi rose ISO 7027-1984 "Mvura yemhando - Sarudzo yekusagadzikana". Iyi chiyero inotsanangura nzira mbiri dzekutarisa turbidity mumvura. Chikamu chekutanga ndeye spectrophotometry, iyo inoshanda kumvura yekunwa, mvura chaiyo uye yakakwirira turbidity mvura, ine hushoma hwekuona turbidity ye3 madhigirii. Chikamu chechipiri ndechekuona turbidimetry, iyo inoshanda kune yakaderera turbidity mvura senge yekunwa mvura uye sosi yemvura, ine shoma yekuona turbidity ye1 degree. Panofanira kunge pasina marara uye zviri nyore kunyura zvimedu mumvura. Kana midziyo inoshandiswa isina kuchena, kana kune mabhubhu akanyungudika uye zvinhu zvine mavara mumvura, zvinokanganisa kutsunga. Pakupisa kwakakodzera, hydrazine sulfate uye hexamethylenetetramine polymerize kuita white high-molecular polymer, iyo inoshandiswa se turbidity standard solution uye ichienzaniswa nehuturu hwesampu yemvura pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Turbidity inowanzo shanda pakutemerwa kwemvura yechisikigo, mvura yekunwa uye humwe hutano hwemvura yemaindasitiri. Sampu yemvura inofanirwa kuongororwa turbidity inofanira kuongororwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kana inofanira kuiswa mufiriji pa4 ° C uye kuongororwa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana. Usati waedzwa, sampu yemvura inofanira kuzununguswa nesimba uye kudzoserwa kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakaturikwa uye colloids mumvura, senge madhaka, silt, yakanaka organic matter, inorganic matter, plankton, zvichingodaro, zvinogona kuita kuti mvura ivhiringike uye kupa imwe turbidity. Mukuongorora kwemhando yemvura, zvinotarwa kuti turbidity yakaumbwa ne1mg SiO2 mu1L yemvura ndeye yakajairwa turbidity unit, inonzi 1 degree. Kazhinji, kukwira kwe turbidity, ndiko kuwedzera kwe turbid mhinduro.
Nekuti mvura ine yakaturikwa uye colloidal particles, iyo yekutanga isina ruvara uye yakajeka mvura inova turbid. Chiyero che turbidity chinonzi turbidity. Iyo unit ye turbidity inoratidzwa mu "degrees", iyo yakaenzana ne1L yemvura ine 1mg. SiO2 (kana isina-curved mg kaolin, diatomaceous earth), dhigirii rehutu hunogadzirwa i1 degree, kana Jackson. The turbidity unit is JTU, 1JTU=1mg/L kaolin kuturika. Iyo turbidity inoratidzwa nezviridzwa zvemazuva ano ndiyo yakapararira turbidity unit NTU, inozivikanwawo seTU. 1NTU=1JTU. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvinotendwa pasi rose kuti turbidity standard yakagadzirwa nehexamethylenetetramine-hydrazine sulfate ine yakanaka kuberekana uye inosarudzwa seyakabatana standard FTU yenyika dzakasiyana. 1FTU=1JTU. Turbidity is an optical effect, inova chiyero chekuvharira kwechiedza kana ichipfuura nepakati pemvura, zvichiratidza kukwanisa kwemvura kuparadzira uye kutora chiedza. Izvo hazvisi chete zvine chekuita nezviri mukati mechinhu chakamiswa, asiwo kune kuumbwa, particle size, chimiro uye kutaridzika kwepamusoro kwetsvina mumvura. Kudzora turbidity chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemvura mumaindasitiri uye chiratidzo chakakosha chemhando yemvura. Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwemvura, kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kune turbidity. The turbidity yemvura yekunwa haifaniri kudarika 1NTU; iyo turbidity yemvura yekuwedzera yekutenderera inotonhorera kurapwa kwemvura inodiwa kuve 2-5 madhigirii; iyo turbidity yemvura inopinza (mvura yakasvibirira) yekuchenesa mvura ine desalted inofanira kunge isingasviki madhigirii matatu; iyo turbidity yemvura inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwefiber yakagadzirwa isingasviki 0.3 degrees. Sezvo zvakamiswa uye colloidal zvimedu zvinoumba turbidity kazhinji zvakagadzikana uye kazhinji zvinotakura mhosva dzisina kunaka, hazvigadzike pasina kurapwa kwemakemikari. Mumaindasitiri ekurapa kwemvura, coagulation, kujekesa uye kusefa kunonyanya kushandiswa kuderedza turbidity yemvura.
Chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera ndechekuti sezvo tekinoroji yenyika yangu ichienderana nezviyero zvepasirese, pfungwa ye "turbidity" uye unit ye "degree" haichashandiswi muindasitiri yemvura. Pane kudaro, pfungwa ye "turbidity" uye unit ye "NTU/FNU/FTU" inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo.
Turbidimetric kana yakapararira nzira yemwenje
Turbidity inogona kuyerwa ne turbidimetry kana nzira yemwenje yakapararira. nyika yangu kazhinji inoshandisa turbidimetry kuyera turbidity. Sample yemvura inofananidzwa neturbidity standard solution yakagadzirwa nekaolin. Iyo turbidity haina kukwirira, uye zvinotemerwa kuti rita imwe yemvura yakasvibiswa ine 1 mg yesilicon dioxide seimwe turbidity unit. Iwo turbidity kuyerwa kukosha anowanwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuyera kana akasiyana zviyero hazvina kuenderana. Chiyero chehuturu kazhinji hachigone kuratidza zvakananga dhigirii rekusvibiswa kwemvura, asi kuwedzera kwetsvina inokonzerwa netsvina yevanhu neyemaindasitiri inoratidza kuti kunaka kwemvura kwadzikira.
1. Colorimetric nzira. Colorimetry ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinowanzoshandiswa kuyera turbidity. Inoshandisa colorimeter kana spectrophotometer kuona turbidity nekuenzanisa mutsauko wekutora pakati pemuenzaniso uye yakajairwa mhinduro. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kune yakaderera turbidity samples (kazhinji isingasviki 100 NTU).
2. Nzira yekuparadzira. Kuparadzira nzira inzira yekuona turbidity nekuyera kusimba kwechiedza chakapararira kubva muzvidimbu. Nzira dzakajairika dzekuparadzira dzinosanganisira nzira yekuparadzira yakananga uye nzira yekuparadzira isina kunanga. Direct scattering method inoshandisa mwenje wekuparadzira chiridzwa kana kuparadzira kuyera kusimba kwechiedza chakapararira. Nzira yekuparadzira isina kunanga inoshandisa hukama pakati pechiedza chakapararira chinogadzirwa nezvimedu uye kunyura kuti uwane iyo turbidity kukosha kuburikidza nekuyerwa kwekuyeresa.
Turbidity inogona kuyerwa zvakare ne turbidity mita. Iyo turbidity mita inoburitsa chiedza, ichipfuura nepakati pechikamu chemuenzaniso, uye inoona kuti yakawanda sei chiedza chakaparadzirwa nezvidimbu mumvura kubva kune nzira 90 ° kusvika kune chiitiko chiedza. Iyi nzira yekuyera chiedza chakapararira inonzi nzira yekuparadzira. Chero turbidity yechokwadi inofanira kuyerwa nenzira iyi.
Kukosha kwekuona turbidity:
1. Mukugadzirisa kwemvura, kuyera turbidity kunogona kubatsira kuona maitiro ekuchenesa. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekubatana uye sedimentation process, turbidity shanduko inogona kuratidza kuumbwa uye kubviswa kwemaflocs. Munguva yekusefa, turbidity inogona kuongorora kubviswa kwehunyanzvi hwesefa chinhu.
2. Dzora nzira yekuchenesa mvura. Kuyera turbidity kunogona kuona shanduko mumhando yemvura chero nguva, kubatsira kugadzirisa maparamendi ekugadzirisa mvura, uye kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura mukati mechikamu chakakodzera.
3. Kufanotaura kuchinja kwehutano hwemvura. Nekuenderera mberi nekuona turbidity, maitiro ekuchinja kwemhando yemvura anogona kuwanikwa nekufamba kwenguva, uye matanho anogona kutorwa pachine nguva kudzivirira kudzikira kwemhando yemvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-18-2024
