Biochemical oxygen kudiwa (BOD)chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuyera kugona kwe organic matter mumvura kuve biochemically degraded ne microorganisms, uye zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chekuongorora kuzvichenesa kugona kwemvura nemamiriro ekunze. Nekukwidziridzwa kwemaindasitiri uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo yemvura kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye kuvandudzwa kwekuonekwa kweBOD kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mabviro ekuonekwa kweBOD anogona kurondwa kumashure kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18, apo vanhu vakatanga kutarisisa nyaya dzemhando yemvura. BOD inoshandiswa kutonga kuwanda kwemarara emvura mumvura, ndiko kuti, kuyera hutano hwayo nekuyera kukwanisa kwe microorganisms mumvura kuti iparadze organic matter. Iyo yekutanga BOD yekumisikidza nzira yaive yakareruka, uchishandisa danda incubation nzira, ndiko kuti, masampu emvura uye ma microorganisms akaiswa mumudziyo chaiwo wekurima, uye ipapo musiyano weokisijeni yakanyungudika mumhinduro isati yasvika uye mushure meiyo inoculation yakayerwa. BOD kukosha kwakaverengerwa zvichibva pane izvi.
Nekudaro, iyo danda incubation nzira inotora nguva uye yakaoma kushanda, saka pane zvakawanda zvinogumira. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 20, vanhu vakatanga kutsvaga nzira yekutsunga iri nyore uye yakarurama yeBOD. Muna 1939, chiremba wemakemikari wekuAmerica Edmonds akaronga nzira itsva yekutemesa BOD, iri kushandisa inorganic nitrogen zvinhu se inhibitors kuvharidzira kudzokororwa kweokisijeni yakanyungudika kuderedza nguva yekutsunga. Iyi nzira yakashandiswa zvakanyanya uye yave imwe yenzira huru dzekutsunga kweBOD.
Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwezviridzwa, iyo BOD yekumisikidza nzira yakagadziridzwa zvakare uye nekukwaniswa. Mumakore ekuma1950, chiridzwa cheBOD chega chakaonekwa. Icho chiridzwa chinoshandisa yakanyungudika okisijeni electrode uye tembiricha yekudzora sisitimu kuti iwane isina-kukanganisa inoenderera kutsunga kwemasampuli emvura, kuvandudza iko kurongeka uye kugadzikana kwekutsunga. Mumakore ekuma1960, nekuvandudzwa kwekombiyuta yekombuta, komputa ine otomatiki yekutora data nekuongorora system yakaonekwa, iyo yakavandudza zvakanyanya kushanda uye kuvimbika kwekutsunga kweBOD.
Muzana ramakore re21st, tekinoroji yekuona yeBOD yakafambira mberi. Zvishandiso zvitsva uye nzira dzekuongorora dzakaunzwa kuita kuti BOD igadzirwe nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana. Semuyenzaniso, zviridzwa zvitsva zvakaita semicrobial analyzers uye fluorescence spectrometers zvinogona kuona online yekutarisa uye kuongororwa kweiyo microbial chiitiko uye organic zvinhu zvirimo mumasampuli emvura. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzekuona dzeBOD dzakavakirwa pamabiosensors uye tekinoroji yeimmunoassay yakashandiswawo zvakanyanya. Biosensors inogona kushandisa biological zvinhu uye microbial enzymes kunyatsoona organic zvinhu, uye kuve nehunhu hwekunzwa kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana. Immunoassay tekinoroji inogona kukurumidza uye nemazvo kuona zviri mukati meiyo organic zvinhu mumasampuli emvura nekubatanidza chaiwo masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.
Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, nzira dzekuona dzeBOD dzakapfuura nehurongwa hwekuvandudza kubva kutsika tsika kuenda kune inorganic nitrogen inhibition nzira, uyezve kune otomatiki michina nezviridzwa zvitsva. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye nekudzika kwekutsvaga, tekinoroji yekuona yeBOD ichiri kuvandudzwa uye kuvandudzwa. Mune ramangwana, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuvandudzika kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvekutonga, teknolojia yekuongorora yeBOD icharamba ichikura uye inova nzira yakanakisisa uye yakarurama yekutarisa kwehutano hwemvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-07-2024
