Kudzora kweCOD yekuongorora mamiriro ekugadzirisa tsvina
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1. Chinhu chinokosha-mumiririri wemuenzaniso
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Sezvo masampuri emvura anotariswa mukurapwa kwetsvina yemumba asina kuenzana zvakanyanya, kiyi yekuwana chaiyo COD yekutarisa mhinduro ndeyekuti sampling inofanirwa kumiririra. Kuti uwane ichi chinodiwa, pfungwa dzinotevera dzinofanira kucherechedzwa.
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1.1 Gadzirisa muenzaniso wemvura
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Pakuyerwa kwemvura yakasvibira ① nemvura yakacheneswa ②, bhodhoro remuenzaniso rinofanira kuvharirwa zvakasimba uye richizununguswa zvakanaka risati ratorwa sampling kuparadzira zvimedu uye zvimedu zvakasimudzwa zvakasimba mumucherechedzo wemvura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuitira kuti imwe yunifomu uye inomiririra sampu igove. akawana. Mvura. Kune tsvina ③ uye ④ zvave kujeka mushure mekurapwa, masampuri emvura anofanirawo kuzungunuswa zvakanaka asati atora masampuli ekuyera. Pakuyera COD pahuwandu hukuru hwemasampure emvura emvura yemumba, zvakaonekwa kuti mushure mekuzununguka kwakakwana, kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro yemasampuli emvura haawanzo kutsauka kukuru. Zvinoratidza kuti sampling inomiririra zvakanyanya.
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1.2 Tora sampuli pakarepo mushure mekuzunza sampu yemvura
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Sezvo tsvina ine huwandu hukuru hwezvisina kuenzana zvakasimirirwa zvakasimba, kana sampuli isina kutorwa nokukurumidza mushure mokuzununguka, iyo yakasimwa yakaoma ichanyura nokukurumidza. Sampuli yemvura, kunyanya kuumbwa kwezvakaremerwa zvimedu, zvinowanikwa nekushandisa iyo pipette tip yesampling panzvimbo dzakasiyana kumusoro, pakati uye pasi pebhodhoro remuenzaniso zvichave zvakasiyana kwazvo, izvo zvisingakwanisi kumiririra mamiriro chaiwo epombi, uye mibairo yakayerwa haimiriri. . Tora sampuli nekukurumidza mushure mekuzunza zvakaenzana. Kunyangwe mabubble achigadzirwa nekuda kwekudengenyeka (mamwe mabubble anoparara panguva yekubvisa sampu yemvura), iyo sampled vhoriyamu ichava nekanganiso diki muhuwandu hwakakwana nekuda kwekuvapo kwemabhuru akasara, asi iyi ndiyo The analytical error yakakonzerwa ne kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwakakwana hakuna maturo kana kuenzaniswa nekukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusawirirana kwemuenzaniso wekumiririra.
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Kudzora kuyedza kuyera masampuri emvura akasiiwa kwenguva dzakasiyana mushure mekuzununguka uye nekukurumidza sampling uye ongororo pakarepo mushure mekuzunza masampuli akawana kuti mhedzisiro yakayerwa neyekare yakatsauka zvakanyanya kubva kumamiriro chaiwo emhando yemvura.
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1.3 Vhoriyamu yekuenzanisira haifanire kunge iri diki zvakanyanya
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Kana huwandu hwesampling hwakanyanya kudiki, zvimwe zvimedu zvinokonzeresa kudyiwa kweokisijeni mutsvina, kunyanya mvura yakasvibirira, inogona kusabviswa nekuda kwekugovaniswa kusina kuenzana, saka mibairo yeCOD yakayerwa ichave yakasiyana zvakanyanya neiyo chaiyo oxygen kudiwa kwetsvina. . Sample imwechete yakaedzwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana uchishandisa 2.00, 10.00, 20.00, uye 50.00 mL sampling mavhoriyamu. Zvakaonekwa kuti COD migumisiro yakayerwa ne 2.00 mL yemvura yakasvibirira kana tsvina yekupedzisira yaigara isingaenderane nehuwandu hwemvura chaiyo, uye nguva dzose yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwaive hwakashata zvikuru; 10.00 yakashandiswa , nguva dzose yemigumisiro yekuyera kwe20.00mL yemvura yemuenzaniso yakagadziridzwa zvikuru; iyo nguva dzose yeCOD mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwe50.00mL yemvura sampu yakanaka kwazvo.
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Nokudaro, kune mvura yakasvibirira ine COD yakakura, nzira yekuderedza sampling volume haifaniri kushandiswa neupofu kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwe potassium dichromate yakawedzerwa uye kuiswa kweiyo titrant muyero. Pane kudaro, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti sampuli ine vhoriyamu yakakwana yekuenzanisira uye inomiririra zvizere. Chimiro ndechekugadzirisa huwandu hwe potassium dichromate yakawedzerwa uye kusungirirwa kweiyo titrant kuzadzisa zvakakosha zvemhando yemvura zvinodiwa zvemuenzaniso, kuitira kuti data yakayerwa ive yakarurama.
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1.4 Shandura iyo pipette uye gadzirisa chikero chiratidzo
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Sezvo saizi yechikamu chezvakarembera zvakamiswa mumasampuli emvura kazhinji akakura kupfuura dhayamita yepombi yekuburitsa yepipette, zvinogara zvakaoma kubvisa zvakamiswa zvakaomeswa musampuli yemvura kana uchishandisa yakajairwa pipette kuendesa marara etsvina edzimba. Izvo zvinoyerwa neiyi ingori iyo COD kukosha kwetsvina iyo yakabvisa zvishoma yakamiswa yakaoma. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyange kana chikamu chezvakanaka zvakamiswa zvakasimba chikabviswa, nokuti pipette yekusveta chiteshi idiki, inotora nguva yakareba kuti izere muyero, uye iyo yakaturika yakasimba yakazununguswa zvakaenzana mutsvina zvishoma nezvishoma inonyura. , uye iyo yakabviswa haina kuenzana zvakanyanya. , sampuli dzemvura dzisingamiriri mamiriro chaiwo emhando yemvura, mhedzisiro yakayerwa nenzira iyi inosungirwa kuve nekukanganisa kukuru. Naizvozvo, kushandisa pipette ine muromo wakanaka kutora sampuli dzesuweji yemumba kuyera COD haigone kupa mhedzisiro chaiyo. Naizvozvo, kana pombi dzemvura dzemudzimba dzetsvina dzemvura, kunyanya masampuli emvura ane huwandu hukuru hweakaturikwa zvidimbu zvakakura, iyo pipette inofanira kuchinjwa zvishoma kuti iwedzere dhayamita yepores kuitira kuti yakaturikwa yakaoma ikurumidze kufemerwa, uye ipapo mutsara wekuyera unofanirwa kuva. kugadziriswa. , zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kuve nyore.
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2. Rongedza kusungirirwa uye huwandu hwema reagents
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Mune yakajairwa COD yekuongorora nzira, iyo potassium dichromate inowanzoita 0.025mol/L, iyo mari inowedzerwa panguva yekuyerwa sampuli i5.00mL, uye sewage sampling volume i10.00mL. Kana iyo COD yekuiswa kwetsvina yakakwira, nzira yekutora mashoma masampuli kana diluting samples inowanzo shandiswa kusangana nemiedzo yemamiriro epamusoro. Nekudaro, Lian Huaneng anopa COD reagents yemasampuli eakasiyana maratidziro. Mamiriro emareagents aya anoshandurwa, kusungirirwa uye huwandu hwe potassium dichromate hunogadziriswa, uye mushure mehuwandu hwekuedza, vanosangana neCOD yekuona zvinodiwa zvehupenyu hwose.
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Kupfupisa, kana uchitarisa uye uchiongorora mhando yemvura COD mutsvina yemumba, iyo inonyanya kukosha yekudzora chinhu ndeyekumiririra kwemuenzaniso. Kana izvi zvisingakwanisi kuvimbiswa, kana chero chinongedzo chinokanganisa kumiririrwa kwehutano hwemvura chinoregeredzwa, kuyerwa uye mhedzisiro yekuongorora ichave isina kururama. zvikanganiso zvinotungamira kune zvisirizvo tekinoroji mhedziso.
The fasterKuonekwa kweCODnzira yakagadziriswa neLianhua muna 1982 inogona kuona COD mhinduro mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri. Iko kushanda kunogadziriswa uye chiridzwa chakatogadzira curve, kubvisa kudiwa kwetitration uye kutendeuka, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekushanda. Iyi nzira yakatungamira hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji mumunda wekuedzwa kwemhando yemvura uye yakaita mipiro mikuru.
Nguva yekutumira: May-11-2024
