Iyi inotevera sumo yenzira dzekuyedza:
1. Tekinoroji yekutarisisa kune inorganic pollutants
Kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemvura kunotanga neHg, Cd, cyanide, phenol, Cr6+, nezvimwewo, uye mazhinji acho anoyerwa ne spectrophotometry. Sezvo basa rekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza richidzika uye masevhisi ekutarisa achiramba achiwedzera, kunzwisiswa uye kurongeka kweiyo spectrophotometric yekuongorora nzira haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, akasiyana-siyana epamberi uye ane hanya zvikuru ekuongorora zviridzwa uye nzira dzakagadzirwa nekukurumidza.
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1.Atomic absorption uye atomic fluorescence nzira
Flame atomic absorption, hydride atomic absorption, uye graphite muvira atomic absorption yakagadziridzwa zvakatevedzana, uye inogona kuona akawanda ekuteedzera uye ekupedzisira-anoteedzera simbi zvinhu mumvura.
Chiridzwa cheatomic fluorescence chakagadzirwa munyika yangu chinogona panguva imwe chete kuyera makomisheni ezvikamu zvisere, Se, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, uye Pb, mumvura. Kuongororwa kweaya ma hydride-prone elements ane high sensitivity uye kurongeka nekukanganisa kwakaderera kwematrix.
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2. Plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Plasma emission spectrometry yakasimukira nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura uye yakashandiswa kutarisisa panguva imwe chete yezvikamu zvematrix mumvura yakachena, simbi uye substrates mumvura yakaraswa, uye zvinhu zvakawanda mumasampuli ezvinyorwa. Kunzwa kwayo uye kurongeka kwakada kuenzana neayo emurazvo weatomic absorption nzira, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Jekiseni rimwe rinogona kuyera zvinhu gumi kusvika makumi matatu panguva imwe chete.
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3. Plasma emission spectrometry mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Iyo ICP-MS nzira inzira yekuongorora misa spectrometry uchishandisa ICP seyo ionization sosi. Kunzwa kwayo ndeye 2 kune 3 mirairo yehukuru yakakwira kupfuura iyo ICP-AES nzira. Kunyanya pakuyera zvinhu nenhamba yakawanda pamusoro pe100, kunzwisiswa kwayo kwakakwira kupfuura muganhu wekuona. Low. Japan yakanyora iyo ICP-MS nzira seyakajairwa yekuongorora nzira yekutemerwa kweCr6+, Cu, Pb, uye Cd mumvura. .
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4. Ion chromatography
Ion chromatography tekinoroji nyowani yekuparadzanisa uye kuyera zvakajairika anion uye cations mumvura. Iyo nzira ine sarudzo yakanaka uye yekunzwa. Zvikamu zvakawanda zvinogona kuyerwa panguva imwe chete nesarudzo imwe. Iyo conductivity detector uye anion separation column inogona kushandiswa kuona F-, Cl-, Br-, SO32-, SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-; iyo cation separation column inogona kushandiswa kuona NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, nezvimwewo, uchishandisa electrochemistry Iyo detector inogona kuyera I-, S2-, CN- uye mamwe organic compounds.
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5. Spectrophotometry uye kuyerera jekiseni yekuongorora tekinoroji
Kudzidza kwemamwe maitiro akanyanya kunzwisisika uye anonyanya kusarudza chromogenic maitiro eiyo spectrophotometric kutsunga kwesimbi ions uye asiri-simbi ayoni achiri kukwezva kutarisa. Spectrophotometry inotora chikamu chikuru mukutarisisa kwemaitiro. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kubatanidza nzira idzi neinoyerera jekiseni tekinoroji inogona kubatanidza akawanda makemikari mashandiro senge distillation, kudhirowa, kuwedzera akasiyana reagents, inogara vhoriyamu kukura kwemavara uye kuyerwa. Iyo tekinoroji yekuongorora marabhoritari uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu online otomatiki yekutarisa masisitimu emhando yemvura. Iyo ine mabhenefiti eashoma sampling, yakanyanya kurongeka, kukurumidza kuongorora kukurumidza, uye kuchengetedza reagents, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kusunungura vashandisi kubva kune zvinonetesa basa remuviri, sekuyera NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, F-, CrO42-, Ca2+, nezvimwewo muhutano hwemvura. Flow jekiseni tekinoroji iripo. Iyo detector haigone kushandisa spectrophotometry chete, asiwo atomic absorption, ion selective electrodes, nezvimwe.
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6. Valence uye kuongorora fomu
Zvinosvibisa zviriko nenzira dzakasiyana munzvimbo yemvura, uye kuchetura kwavo kune zvipenyu zvemumvura uye vanhu kwakasiyanawo zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, Cr6+ ine muchetura zvakanyanya kupfuura Cr3+, As3+ ine chepfu kupfuura As5+, uye HgCl2 ine muchetura kupfuura HgS. Hunhu hwemhando yemvura uye kutariswa kunoratidza kuomerwa kweyeyemeriki nealkyl mercury, hexavalent chromium uye yakazara chromium, Fe3+ neFe2+, NH4+-N, NO2–N uye NO3–N. Mamwe mapurojekiti zvakare anotsanangura mamiriro ekusefa. uye chiyero chehuwandu hwehuwandu, nezvimwewo. Mukutsvaga kwezvakatipoteredza, kuti tinzwisise nzira yekusvibisa uye kutama uye kushanduka kwemitemo, hazvidikanwi chete kudzidza uye kuongorora valence adsorption mamiriro uye yakaoma mamiriro ezvinhu inorganic zvinhu, asiwo kudzidza oxidation yavo. uye kuderedzwa kwepakati pezvakatipoteredza (zvakadai se nitrosation yenitrogen-containing compounds). , nitrification kana denitrification, nezvimwewo) uye biological methylation nedzimwe nyaya. Masimbi anorema aripo muchimiro cheorganic, senge alkyl lead, alkyl tin, nezvimwewo, parizvino ari kugamuchira kutariswa kwakawanda kubva kumasaenzi ezvakatipoteredza. Kunyanya, mushure mekunge triphenyl tin, tributyl tin, nezvimwewo zvakanyorwa sevanokanganisa endocrine, kutariswa kweorganic heavy metals Analytical tekinoroji iri kukura nekukurumidza.
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2. Monitoring tekinoroji kune organic zvinosvibisa
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1. Kutariswa kwezvinhu zvinodya okisijeni
Pane zviratidzo zvakawanda zvakazara zvinotaridza kusvibiswa kwemitumbi yemvura neokisijeni-inopedza organic matter, senge permanganate index, CODCr, BOD5 (zvakare zvinosanganisira inorganic reduction substances senge sulfide, NH4+-N, NO2–N uye NO3–N), yakazara organic matter kabhoni (TOC), yakazara okisijeni kushandiswa (TOD). Izvi zviratidzo zvinowanzo shandiswa kudzora marara ekugadzirisa mhedzisiro uye kuongorora pamusoro pemvura mhando. Izvi zviratidzo zvine kumwe kuwirirana kune mumwe nemumwe, asi zvazvinoreva zvemuviri zvakasiyana uye zvakaoma kutsiva mumwe nemumwe. Nekuti kuumbwa kweokisijeni-inopedza organic matter inosiyana nemhando yemvura, kuwirirana uku hakuna kugadziriswa, asi kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Tekinoroji yekutarisa yezviratidzo izvi yakura, asi vanhu vachiri kuongorora matekinoroji ekuongorora anogona kukurumidza, nyore, kuchengetedza nguva, uye mutengo-unoshanda. Semuenzaniso, kukurumidza COD mita uye microbial sensor nekukurumidza BOD mita yatove kushandiswa.
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2. Organic inosvibisa chikamu chekutarisa tekinoroji
Kuongororwa kwezvinosvibisa organic kazhinji kunotanga kubva pakutariswa kwezvikamu zvekusvibiswa kwe organic. Nekuti michina yacho iri nyore, zviri nyore kuita mumarabhoritari ese. Kune rimwe divi, kana matambudziko makuru akawanikwa muchikamu chekutarisa, kumwe kucherechedzwa uye kuongororwa kwemamwe marudzi e organic matter anogona kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, kana tichitarisa adsorbable halogenated hydrocarbons (AOX) uye nekuona kuti AOX inodarika mwero, tinogona zvakare kushandisa GC-ECD kuti tiwedzere ongororo yekudzidza kuti ndeapi halogenated hydrocarbon makomisheni ari kusvibisa, ane chepfu sei, kunobva kupi kusvibiswa, nezvimwe. .Kutarisisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvemuchadenga zvinosanganisira: volatile phenols, nitrobenzene, anilines, mineral oils, adsorbable hydrocarbons, nezvimwewo. Nzira dzekuongorora dziripo dzemapurojekiti aya.
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3. Ongororo yezvinosvibisa zvipenyu
Organic tsvina yekuongorora inogona kukamurwa kuita maVOCs, S-VOCs ongororo uye kuongororwa kweakananga makomisheni. Iyo yekubvisa uye kuteya GC-MS nzira inoshandiswa kuyera inovhuvhuta organic komisheni (VOCs), uye mvura-yemvura kudhirowa kana micro-yakasimba-chikamu kubviswa GC-MS inoshandiswa kuyera semi-volatile organic compounds (S-VOCs), iyo ongororo yakafara. Shandisa gas chromatography kuti uparadzanise, shandisa flame ionization detector (FID), electric capture detector (ECD), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), photoionization detector (PID), nezvimwewo kuti uone zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosvibisa zvipenyu; shandisa liquid phase Chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet detector (UV) kana fluorescence detector (RF) kuona polycyclic anonhuwirira hydrocarbons, ketoni, acid esters, phenols, nezvimwewo.
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4. Automatic monitoring uye yakazara emission monitoring tekinoroji
Mvura yemamiriro ekunze otomatiki ekutarisa masisitimu anowanzo ajairwa kutarisa zvinhu, senge tembiricha yemvura, ruvara, fungidziro, yakanyungudika okisijeni, pH, conductivity, permanganate index, CODCr, yakazara nitrogen, yakazara phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nezvimwe. hurongwa hwekutarisa kunaka mune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvinodzorwa zvemhando yemvura munyika uye kuburitsa vhiki nevhiki mishumo yemhando yemvura munhau, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwemvura.
Munguva ye "Chipfumbamwe-Chirongwa cheMakore mashanu" uye "Gumi-Makore Mashanu Chirongwa" nguva, nyika yangu ichadzora nekudzikisa kuburitswa kweCODCr, mineral oil, cyanide, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium (VI), uye lead, uye zvingada kupfuudza zvirongwa zvemakore mashanu akati wandei. Chete nekuita nhamburiko huru yekudzikisa kuyerera kwese pasi pemvura nharaunda kugona tinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya nharaunda yemvura nekuiunza kune yakanaka. Naizvozvo, mabhizinesi makuru-anosvibisa anosungirwa kumisa akamisikidzwa emasuweji uye kuyera kwemvura kuyerera nzira, kuisa masewage flow met mita uye online inoenderera yekutarisa zviridzwa zvakaita seCODCr, ammonia, mineral oil, uye pH kuwana chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa kwekuyerera kwebhizinesi kuyerera uye. kusvibisa pfungwa. uye kuona huwandu hwese hwezvinosvibisa zvakaburitswa.
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5 Kukurumidza kutariswa kwenjodzi dzekusvibiswa kwemvura
Zviuru zvetsaona huru nediki dzetsvina dzinoitika gore rega rega, izvo zvisingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza uye zvisikwa, asiwo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo uye kugadzikana kwevanhu (sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa). Nzira dzekuona njodzi dzekusvibiswa kwechimbichimbi dzinosanganisira:
① Inotakurika yekukurumidza chiridzwa nzira: senge yakanyungudika okisijeni, pH mita, inotakurika gasi chromatograph, inotakurika FTIR mita, nezvimwe.
② Kurumidza kuona chubhu uye yekuona mapepa nzira: senge H2S yekuona chubhu (yekuongorora bepa), CODCr inokurumidza kuona chubhu, inorema simbi yekuona chubhu, nezvimwe.
③Pa-saiti sampling-rabhoritari ongororo, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-11-2024
