1. Ndeapi makuru emuviri maitiro anoratidza mvura yetsvina?
⑴Tembiricha: Tembiricha yemvura yetsvina ine pesvedzero huru pamaitiro ekuchenesa mvura. Iyo tembiricha inokanganisa zvakananga basa rema microorganisms. Kazhinji, tembiricha yemvura mumadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina yemudhorobha iri pakati pe10 ne25 degrees Celsius. Tembiricha yemvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwekuburitsa mvura yetsvina.
⑵ Ruvara: Ruvara rwemvura yakaraswa runoenderana nezviri mukati mezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, zvakamiswa zvakaomeswa kana colloidal zvinhu mumvura. Tsvina yetsvina yemumaguta inowanzoita grey. Kana iri mune anaerobic state, ruvara ruchave rwakasviba uye rwakasviba. Mavara emvura yetsvina yeindasitiri anosiyana. Papermaking tsvina yemvura inowanzova nhema, distiller's distiller's tsvina yezviyo ndeyero-brown, uye electroplating tsvina ine bhuruu-girinhi.
⑶ Kunhuwa: Kunhuwa kwemvura yetsvina kunokonzerwa nezvinosvibisa mutsvina yemumba kana tsvina yemumaindasitiri. Iko kunenge kuumbwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa kunogona kutsanangurwa zvakananga nekunhuhwirira kunhuhwirira. Tsvina yetsvina yemudhorobha ine kunhuhwirira kwakashata. Kana kunhuwa kwemazai akaora kuchionekwa, zvinowanzoratidza kuti tsvina yakabikwa anaerobically kuti ibudise hydrogen sulfide gasi. Vashandi vanofanira kunyatsotevedzera mitemo ye-anti-virus pavanenge vachishanda.
⑷ Turbidity: Turbidity chiratidzo chinotsanangura nhamba yezvimedu zvakamiswa mumvura yetsvina. Inogona kuwanzoonekwa ne turbidity mita, asi turbidity haigone kutsiva zvakananga kuunganidzwa kwezvakarembera zvakamira nekuti ruvara runokanganisa kuonekwa kwehuturu.
⑸ Conductivity: Iyo conductivity mumvura yetsvina inowanzo ratidza huwandu hweinorganic ion mumvura, iyo inowirirana zvakanyanya nekusangana kwezvinhu zvakanyungudika inorganic zvinhu mumvura iri kuuya. Kana iyo conductivity ichikwira zvakanyanya, inowanzova chiratidzo cheabnormal indasitiri yetsvina yekuyerera.
⑹Solid matter: Chimiro (SS, DS, etc.) uye kusungirirwa kwechinhu chakasimba mumvura yetsvina zvinoratidza chimiro chemvura yetsvina uye zvinobatsirawo pakudzora maitiro ekurapwa.
⑺ Kunaya kwemvura: Kusachena mumvura yetsvina kunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando ina: yakanyungudika, colloidal, yemahara uye inonaya. Iwo matatu ekutanga haana kudonha. Tsvina inonaya kazhinji inomiririra zvinhu zvinonaya mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu kana awa.
2. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemakemikari emvura yetsvina?
Kune akawanda emakemikari anoratidza emvura yetsvina, ayo anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: ① General mhando yemhando yemvura zviratidzo, senge pH kukosha, kuoma, alkalinity, yakasara chlorine, akasiyana anions uye cations, nezvimwewo; ② Organic zvinhu zvirimo zviratidzo, biochemical oxygen inoda BOD5, Chemical oxygen inoda CODCr, yakazara oxygen inoda TOD uye yakazara organic kabhoni TOC, nezvimwewo; ③ Dyara zvinovaka muviri zviratidzo, senge ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, phosphate, nezvimwewo; ④ Zvinoratidza zvinhu zvine muchetura, senge peturu, simbi inorema, macyanides, sulfides, polycyclic inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons, akasiyana chlorinated organic makomisheni uye akasiyana mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, nezvimwe.
Mumafekitari akasiyana ekuchenesa tsvina, mapurojekiti ekuongorora akakodzera emhando yemhando yemvura anofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye huwandu hwezvinosvibisa mumvura iri kuuya.
3. Ndeapi makuru emakemikari anoratidza anofanirwa kuongororwa mune yakajairika masheji ekuchenesa masuweji?
Iwo makuru emakemikari ezviratidzo anoda kuongororwa mune zvakajairika majekiseni ekuchenesa zvirimwa ndeaya anotevera:
⑴ pH kukosha: pH kukosha kunogona kutariswa nekuyera iyo hydrogen ion concentration mumvura. Iko kukosha kwepH kune simba guru pakurapa kwebhayoloji yemvura yakaraswa, uye nitrification reaction inonyanya kutarisisa kune pH kukosha. Iyo pH kukosha kwesuweji yemuguta kazhinji iri pakati pe6 ne8. Kana ikadarika iyi chiyero, inowanzoratidza kuti yakawanda yemvura inoraswa mumaindasitiri inoburitswa. Kune mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ine acidic kana alkaline zvinhu, neutralization kurapwa kunodiwa usati wapinda mubiological kurapwa system.
⑵Alkalinity: Alkalinity inogona kuratidza kugona kweasidhi yemvura yetsvina panguva yekurapa. Kana mvura yetsvina iine alkalinity yakakwira, inogona kuvharidzira shanduko muhukoshi hwepH uye kuita kuti pH ive yakagadzikana. Alkalinity inomiririra zviri mukati mezvinhu zviri mumucherechedzo wemvura zvinosanganiswa neayoni ehydrogen mumaasidhi akasimba. Ukuru hwe alkalinity hunogona kuyerwa nehuwandu hweasidhi yakasimba inopedzwa nesampu yemvura panguva yekuita titration.
⑶CODCr: CODCr huwandu hwezvinhu zvinorarama mumvura yakasviba zvinogona kuiswa oxidized neiyo yakasimba oxidant potassium dichromate, inoyerwa mumg/L yeokisijeni.
⑷BOD5: BOD5 ndiyo chiyero cheokisijeni inodiwa kuti biodegradation yezvinhu zvipenyu mumvura ine tsvina, uye chiratidzo chebiodegradability yemvura yakasviba.
⑸Nitrogen: Muzvidyarwa zvekuchenesa tsvina, shanduko uye kugovera zvemukati zvenitrogen zvinopa maparamita ekuita. Zviri mukati me organic nitrogen uye ammonia nitrogen mumvura iri kuuya yemiti yekuchenesa tsvina inowanzokwira, nepo zviri mukati me nitrate nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen kazhinji yakaderera. Kuwedzera kweammonia nitrogen mutangi rekutanga sedimentation kunowanzoratidza kuti sludge yakagadzika yava anaerobic, nepo kuwedzera kwenitrate nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen mune yechipiri sedimentation tank inoratidza kuti nitrification yakaitika. Iyo nitrogen iri mutsvina yemumba inowanzoita 20 kusvika 80 mg/L, iyo organic nitrogen i8 kusvika 35 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen iri 12 kusvika 50 mg/L, uye zviri munitrate nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen zvakaderera. Zviri mukati me organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen mumvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri inosiyana kubva mumvura kuenda kumvura. Iyo nitrogen yemukati mune mamwe maindasitiri mvura yetsvina yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kana kurapwa kwebhayoloji kuchishandiswa, nitrogen fetereza inoda kuwedzerwa kuwedzera nitrogen inodiwa netwupukanana. , uye kana iyo nitrogen yemukati mutsvina yakawandisa, kurapwa kwe denitrification kunodiwa kudzivirira eutrophication mumvura inogamuchira.
⑹ Phosphorus: The phosphorus content mubiological sewage inowanzoita 2 kusvika 20 mg/L, iyo organic phosphorus iri 1 kusvika 5 mg/L uye inorganic phosphorus i1 kusvika 15 mg/L. Iyo phosphorus yemukati mumvura yetsvina yeindasitiri inosiyana zvakanyanya. Imwe mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ine yakaderera zvakanyanya phosphorus yemukati. Kana kurapwa kwebiological kuchishandiswa, phosphate fetireza inoda kuwedzerwa kuwedzera phosphorus inodiwa nehutachiona. Kana iyo phosphorus inobuda mutsvina yakawandisa, , uye phosphorus kubvisa kurapwa kunodiwa kudzivirira eutrophication mumvura inogamuchira.
⑺Petroleum: Mafuta mazhinji ari mumvura yetsvina haanyungudike mumvura uye anoyangarara pamusoro pemvura. Oiri iri mumvura inouya ichakanganisa iyo oxygenation mhedzisiro uye kuderedza iyo microbial chiitiko muyakagadziriswa sludge. Kuwanda kwemafuta etsvina yakasanganiswa inopinda muchimiro chebhayoloji yekurapa haifanire kunge yakakura kupfuura 30 kusvika 50 mg/L.
⑻Masimbi anorema: Masimbi anorema ari mumvura yetsvina anonyanya kubva mumvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri uye ane muchetura. Zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa tsvina kazhinji hazvina nzira dzekurapa dziri nani. Vanowanzoda kurapwa panzvimbo yemusangano wekuburitsa kuti vasangane nemitemo yenyika vasati vapinda muhurongwa hwemvura. Kana iyo inorema simbi yemukati mune effluent kubva kune tsvina yekuchenesa chirimwa ichiwedzera, inowanzoratidza kuti pane dambudziko ne pretreatment.
⑼ Sulfidi: Kana iyo sulfide iri mumvura inodarika 0.5mg/L, ichava nekunhuhwirira kunonyangadza kwemazai akaora uye inoparadza, dzimwe nguva ichikonzera chepfu yehydrogen sulfide.
⑽Residual chlorine: Paunenge uchishandisa chlorine yekuuraya utachiona, kuitira kuve nechokwadi kuberekana kweutachiona panguva yekufambisa, iyo yakasara chlorine mutsvina (inosanganisira yemahara yakasara chlorine uye yakasanganiswa yakasara chlorine) ndiyo chiratidzo chekutonga kwemaitiro ekuuraya utachiona, izvo zvinowanzoita. haipfuure 0.3mg/L.
4. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemvura yakasviba?
Zviratidzo zvehupenyu zvemvura yakasvibiswa zvinosanganisira nhamba yose yebhakitiriya, nhamba yebhakitiriya yecoliform, utachiona hwakasiyana-siyana hwepathogenic uye mavhairasi, etc. Mvura yakasviba kubva kuzvipatara, makambani ekugadzira nyama akabatanidzwa, nezvimwewo inofanira kubviswa utachiona isati yabudiswa. Miyero yepasi rose yekurasa mvura yetsvina yakataura izvi. Zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa tsvina kazhinji hazvione uye kudzora zviratidzo zvehupenyu mumvura iri kuuya, asi disinfection inodiwa isati yabviswa tsvina yetsvina kudzora kusvibiswa kwemitumbi yemvura inogashira netsvina yakacheneswa. Kana tsvina yepiri yebhayoloji ikaramba ichirapwa uye yoshandiswazve, zvinotonyanya kukosha kuiuraya isati yashandiswa zvakare.
⑴ Huwandu hwehuwandu hwebhakitiriya: Huwandu hwese hwebhakitiriya hunogona kushandiswa sechiratidzo chekuongorora kuchena kwemhando yemvura uye kuongorora mhedzisiro yekucheneswa kwemvura. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hunoratidza kuti disinfection mhedzisiro yemvura haina kunaka, asi haigone kuratidza zvakananga kuti inokuvadza sei kumuviri wemunhu. Inofanirwa kusanganiswa nehuwandu hwefecal coliform kuti uone kuti mvura yakachengeteka sei kumuviri wemunhu.
⑵Huwandu hwemacoliforms: Huwandu hwemacoliform mumvura hunogona kuratidza zvisina kunanga mukana wekuti mvura ine mabhakitiriya emudumbu (senge typhoid, dysentery, cholera, nezvimwewo), uye nekudaro inoshanda sechiratidzo chehutsanana kuona hutano hwevanhu. Kana tsvina ikashandiswa zvakare semvura yakasiyana-siyana kana mvura yepasi, inogona kusangana nemuviri wemunhu. Panguva ino, nhamba yefecal coliforms inofanira kuonekwa.
⑶ Yakasiyana-siyana pathogenic microorganisms uye mavhairasi: Zvirwere zvakawanda zvehutachiona zvinogona kutapuriranwa nemvura. Semuyenzaniso, mavhairasi anokonzera hepatitis, poriyo nezvimwe zvirwere zviri muura hwevanhu, anopinda mutsvina yemumba kuburikidza netsvina yemurwere, obva abuditswa muchigadzirwa chekuchenesa tsvina. . Nzira yekuchenesa tsvina ine simba shoma rekubvisa mavhairasi aya. Kana iyo tsvina yakagadziriswa ichibviswa, kana kukosha kwekushandisa kwemuviri wemvura inogamuchira kune zvakakosha zveaya pathogenic microorganisms uye mavhairasi, disinfection uye kuongororwa kunodiwa.
5. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvinoratidzira zviri mukati mehupenyu huri mumvura?
Mushure mekunge organic matter inopinda mumvura yemvura, ichave yakasvibiswa uye yakaora pasi pekuita kwe microorganisms, zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza okisijeni yakanyungudika mumvura. Kana oxidation ichikwira nekukurumidza uye muviri wemvura haugone kutora okisijeni yakakwana kubva mumhepo munguva yekuzadza okisijeni yakapedzwa, okisijeni yakanyungudika mumvura inogona kudonha yakaderera (senge isingasviki 3 ~ 4mg / L), iyo inokanganisa mvura. zvipenyu. zvinodiwa pakukura kwemazuva ose. Kana iyo okisijeni yakanyungudika mumvura yapera, organic matter inotanga anaerobic digestion, ichiburitsa kunhuwa uye kukanganisa hutsanana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Sezvo iyo organic matter iri mutsvina kazhinji iri musanganiswa wakaomarara wezvikamu zvakawanda, zvakaoma kuona huwandu hwehuwandu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Muchokwadi, mamwe maratidziro akazara anowanzoshandiswa kumiririra zvisina kunanga zviri mukati meiyo organic zvinhu mumvura. Kune marudzi maviri ezviratidzi zvakazara zvinoratidza zviri mukati me organic matter mumvura. Imwe chiratidzo chinoratidzwa mukudiwa kweokisijeni (O2) yakaenzana nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri mumvura, senge biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), uye yakazara oxygen kudiwa (TOD). ; Imwe mhando ndiyo chiratidzo chinoratidzwa mu kabhoni (C), senge yakazara organic kabhoni TOC. Kune mhando imwechete yetsvina, kukosha kwezviratidzo izvi zvinowanzosiyana. Kurongeka kwenhamba ndiko TOD>CODCr>BOD5>TOC
6. Chii chinonzi organic carbon?
Yakazara organic kabhoni TOC (pfupiso yeTotal Organic Carbon muChirungu) chiratidzo chakakwana chinoratidza zvisina kunanga zviri mukati meorganic matter mumvura. Iyo data yainoratidza ndeye yakazara kabhoni yemukati meiyo organic zvinhu mumvura yetsvina, uye iyo unit inoratidzwa mumg/L yekabhoni (C). . Nheyo yekuyera TOC ndeyekutanga kuita acidify sampu yemvura, shandisa nitrogen kuvhuvhuta carbonate iri mumvura sampuli kubvisa kuvhiringika, wobva wabaya imwe sampu yemvura mukuyerera kweokisijeni neinoziva oxygen zvirimo, woitumira mukati. pombi yesimbi yeplatinamu. Inopiswa mu quartz combustion tube sechinhu chinokonzera pakupisa kukuru kwe900oC kusvika 950oC. A non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer inoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwe CO2 inogadzirwa panguva yekupisa, uye ipapo iyo kabhoni yemukati inoverengerwa, inova iyo yakazara organic kabhoni TOC (kuti uwane ruzivo, ona GB13193-91). Nguva yekuyera inongotora maminetsi mashoma.
Iyo TOC ye general sewage yemudhorobha inogona kusvika 200mg/L. Iyo TOC yemvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ine huwandu hwakakura, ine yakanyanya kusvika makumi ezviuru zvemg/L. Iyo TOC yetsvina mushure mechipiri biological kurapwa kazhinji<50mg> 7. Chii chinonzi oxygen inodiwa?
Total oxygen demand TOD (pfupiso ye Total Oxygen Demand in English) zvinoreva huwandu hweoxygen inodiwa pakudzikisa zvinhu (kunyanya organic matter) mumvura zvinopiswa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kuita ma oxides akagadzikana. Mhedzisiro inopimwa mumg/L. Kukosha kweTOD kunogona kuratidza okisijeni inopedzwa kana inenge yese organic zvinhu mumvura (kusanganisira kabhoni C, hydrogen H, oxygen O, nitrogen N, phosphorus P, sarufa S, nezvimwewo) yakapiswa muCO2, H2O, NOx, SO2, etc. uwandu. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kukosha kweTOD kazhinji kwakakura kupfuura kukosha kweCODCr. Parizvino, TOD haina kuverengerwa mumhando yemhando yemvura munyika yangu, asi inongoshandiswa mukutsvagisa dzidziso pamusoro pekugezwa kwetsvina.
Nheyo yekuyera TOD ndeyekupinza imwe chiyero chemvura mumhepo inoyerera neokisijeni inoyerera, uye kuitumira muquartz combustion chubhu ine platinamu simbi sechinhu chinokonzeresa, uye kuipisa pakarepo pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe900oC. Iyo organic matter mumuenzaniso wemvura Ndiko kuti, iyo yakasvibiswa uye inopedza okisijeni mukuyerera kweokisijeni. Huwandu hwekutanga hweokisijeni mukuyerera kweokisijeni kubvisa okisijeni yasara ndiyo yakazara oxygen inoda TOD. Huwandu hweokisijeni mukuyerera kweokisijeni hunogona kuyerwa uchishandisa maelectrodes, saka kuyerwa kweTOD kunongotora maminetsi mashoma.
8. Chii chinonzi biochemical oxygen kudiwa?
Zita rakazara rekudiwa kweokisijeni yebiochemical ndeye biochemical oxygen Demand, inova Biochemical Oxygen Demand muChirungu uye yakapfupikiswa seBOD. Zvinoreva kuti pakupisa kwe20oC uye pasi pemamiriro eaerobic, inopedzwa mu biochemical oxidation process ye aerobic microorganisms inoora organic zvinhu mumvura. Huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudika huwandu hweokisijeni inodiwa kudzikamisa biodegradable organic matter mumvura. Iyo unit img/L. BOD haingosanganisi huwandu hweokisijeni inopedzwa nekukura, kubereka kana kufema kweaerobeic microorganisms mumvura, asi inosanganisirawo huwandu hweokisijeni inopedzwa nekudzikisa inorganic zvinhu zvakaita se sulfide uye ferrous iron, asi chikamu chechikamu ichi chinowanzo. diki kwazvo. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakura kukosha kweBOD, iyo yakakura organic yemukati mumvura.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu e-aerobic, tupukanana tunoodza organic zvinhu kuita maitiro maviri: iyo oxidation nhanho yekabhoni-ine organic zvinhu uye nitrification nhanho yenitrogen-ine organic zvinhu. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo e20oC, nguva inodiwa kuti organic matter iite oxidize kune nitrification nhanho, ndiko kuti, kuwana kupera kwakakwana uye kugadzikana, inopfuura mazuva zana. Nekudaro, kutaura zvazviri, iyo biochemical oxygen inoda BOD20 yemazuva makumi maviri pa20oC inenge inomiririra yakazara biochemical oxygen kudiwa. Mukushandiswa kwekugadzira, mazuva makumi maviri achiri kutorwa seakarebesa, uye biochemical oxygen inoda (BOD5) yemazuva mashanu pa20 ° C inowanzoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekuyera organic zvirimo mutsvina. Chiitiko chinoratidza kuti BOD5 yesuweji yemumba uye akasiyana ekugadzirwa kwetsvina inenge 70 ~ 80% yeiyo yakazara biochemical oxygen inoda BOD20.
BOD5 ndiyo yakakosha parameter yekuona mutoro wezvidyarwa zvekuchenesa tsvina. Iyo BOD5 kukosha inogona kushandiswa kuverenga huwandu hweokisijeni inodiwa kune oxidation ye organic matter mumvura yakasviba. Huwandu hweokisijeni hunodiwa pakudzikamisa kwekabhoni-ine organic matter inogona kunzi kabhoni BOD5. Kana yakawedzera oxidized, nitrification reaction inogona kuitika. Huwandu hweokisijeni inodiwa nekuita mabhakitiriya ekushandura ammonia nitrogen kuita nitrate nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen inogona kunzi nitrification. BOD5. General sekondari sewage kurapwa zvidyarwa zvinogona chete kubvisa kabhoni BOD5, asi kwete nitrification BOD5. Sezvo nitrification reaction isingadzivisiki inoitika panguva yebhayoloji yekurapa maitiro ekubvisa kabhoni BOD5, iyo yakayerwa kukosha kweBOD5 yakakwirira kupfuura iyo chaiyo okisijeni kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.
Kuyera kweBOD kunotora nguva yakareba, uye chiyero cheBOD5 chinowanzoshandiswa chinoda mazuva mashanu. Naizvozvo, kazhinji inogona kushandiswa chete pakuita mhedzisiro yekuongorora uye yenguva refu maitiro ekudzora. Kune imwe nzvimbo yekuchenesa tsvina, kuwirirana pakati peBOD5 neCODCr kunogona kusimbiswa, uye CODCr inogona kushandiswa kuenzana kuenzanisa kukosha kweBOD5 kutungamirira kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekurapa.
9. Chii chinonzi oxygen kudiwa kwemakemikari?
Kudiwa kwemakemikari okisijeni muChirungu ndiko Chemical Oxygen Demand. Inoreva kuwanda kweiyo oxidant inopedzwa nekubatana pakati pezvinhu zvakasikwa mumvura uye yakasimba oxidants (yakadai se potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, nezvimwewo) pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, anoshandurwa kuva oksijeni. mu mg/L.
Kana potassium dichromate inoshandiswa seyo oxidant, zvinenge zvese (90% ~ 95%) zvehupenyu huri mumvura hunogona kuve ne oxidized. Huwandu hweoxidant inodyiwa panguva ino inoshandurwa kuita okisijeni ndiyo inowanzonzi kudiwa kwemakemikari okisijeni, inowanzopfupikiswa seCODCr (ona GB 11914–89 kune dzakananga nzira dzekuongorora). Kukosha kweCODCr kwetsvina haingosanganisire kudyiwa kweokisijeni kweiyo oxidation yezvinenge zvese organic zvinhu mumvura, asi zvakare inosanganisira kushandiswa kweokisijeni yeoxidation yekudzikisa inorganic zvinhu zvakaita senitrite, ferrous munyu, uye sulfides mumvura.
10. Chii chinonzi potassium permanganate index (oxygen kushandiswa)?
Kudiwa kwekemikari yeokisijeni kunoyerwa pachishandiswa potassium permanganate seoxidant inodaidzwa kuti potassium permanganate index (ona GB 11892–89 yenzira dzakanangana dzekuongorora) kana kushandiswa kweokisijeni, chipfupiso cheChirungu chinoti CODMn kana OC, uye unit iri mg/L .
Sezvo kugona kwe oxidizing ye potassium permanganate isina kusimba pane ye potassium dichromate, kukosha chaiko CODMn ye potassium permanganate index yesample yemvura yakafanana kazhinji yakaderera pane yayo CODCr kukosha, ndiko kuti, CODMn inongomiririra iyo organic matter kana inorganic matter. iyo iri nyore oxidized mumvura. content. Naizvozvo, nyika yangu, Europe neUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa CODCr sechiratidzo chakazara chekudzora kusvibiswa kwezvinhu, uye ingoshandisa iyo potassium permanganate index CODMn sechiratidzo chekuongorora nekutarisa organic zvinhu zviri pamusoro pemvura yemvura yakadai. semvura yegungwa, nzizi, madziva, nezvimwewo kana mvura yekunwa.
Sezvo potassium permanganate inenge isina oxidizing effect paorganic matter sebenzene, cellulose, organic acids, uye amino acids, nepo potassium dichromate inogona oxidize zvinenge zvese izvi organic matter, CODCr inoshandiswa kuratidza dhigirii rekusvibiswa kwemvura yakasviba uye kudzora. kuchenesa tsvina. Izvo zviyero zvemaitiro zvakanyatsokodzera. Zvisinei, nokuti kugadziriswa kwe potassium permanganate index CODMn iri nyore uye inokurumidza, CODMn ichiri kushandiswa kuratidza dhigirii yekusvibiswa, kureva, huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa mumvura yakachena pamusoro pemvura, pakuongorora hutano hwemvura.
11. Nzira yekuziva sei biodegradability yemvura yakasviba nekuongorora BOD5 neCODCr yemvura yakasviba?
Kana mvura iine muchetura organic zvinhu, iyo BOD5 kukosha mumvura yetsvina kazhinji haigone kuyerwa nemazvo. Ukoshi hweCODCr hunokwanisa kuyera nemazvo zviri mukati mezvinhu zvipenyu zviri mumvura, asi kukosha kweCODCr hakugone kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvinoodza nezvisingaoreki. Vanhu vajaira kuyera BOD5/CODCr yesuweji kuti vaone kuparara kwayo. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kana iyo BOD5/CODCr yetsvina yakakura kupfuura 0.3, inogona kurapwa ne biodegradation. Kana iyo BOD5/CODCr yetsvina yakaderera pane 0.2, inogona kungotariswa. Shandisa dzimwe nzira kubata nazvo.
12.Ndeipi hukama huripo pakati peBOD5 neCODCr?
Biochemical oxygen inoda (BOD5) inomiririra huwandu hweokisijeni inodiwa panguva yekuparara kwebiochemical yezvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa mutsvina. Inogona kutsanangura zvakananga dambudziko mune biochemical pfungwa. Nokudaro, BOD5 haisi chiratidzo chemvura inokosha chete, asiwo chiratidzo chebiology yetsvina. Iyo yakakosha kudzora parameter panguva yekugadzirisa. Nekudaro, BOD5 zvakare iri pasi pezvimwe zvipimo mukushandiswa. Kutanga, nguva yekuyera yakareba (mazuva mashanu), iyo isingagoni kuratidza uye kutungamirira kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina panguva yakakodzera. Chechipiri, imwe tsvina yekugadzira haina mamiriro ekukura kwehutachiona uye kuberekana (sekuvapo kwechepfu organic matter). ), kukosha kwayo kweBOD5 hakugone kutsanangurwa.
Mushonga weokisijeni wemakemikari CODCr inotaridza zviri mukati mezvinenge zvese zveokisijeni uye kuderedza inorganic zvinhu mutsvina, asi haikwanise kutsanangura zvakananga dambudziko muchimiro chebiochemical senge biochemical oxygen inoda BOD5. Nemamwe manzwi, kuyedza kemikari yeokisijeni inoda CODCr kukosha kwesuweji kunogona kunyatsoona zviri mukati memvura mumvura, asi kemikari yeokisijeni inoda CODCr haigone kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu zvinoorera uye zvisingaodzeke.
Kemikari yeokisijeni inoda CODCr kukosha kunowanzo kukwira kupfuura iyo biochemical oxygen inoda BOD5 kukosha, uye mutsauko uripo pakati pawo unogona kuratidza zviri mukati meiyo organic zvinhu mutsvina isingagone kuderedzwa netupukanana. Kune tsvina ine zvikamu zvakati zvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa, CODCr neBOD5 kazhinji dzine hukama hwakati bwende uye dzinogona kuverengerwa kubva kune imwe neimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, kuyerwa kweCODCr kunotora nguva shoma. Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa nzira yenyika reflux kwemaawa maviri, zvinongotora maawa matatu kusvika mana kubva pasampling kusvika pamhedzisiro, nepo kuyera kukosha kweBOD5 kunotora mazuva mashanu. Nokudaro, mukushanda kwekugadzirisa tsvina yemvura uye manejimendi, CODCr inowanzoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekutonga.
Kuitira kutungamira mabasa ekugadzira nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, mamwe mafekitori ekuchenesa tsvina akagadzirawo zviyero zvemakambani zvekuyera CODCr mu reflux kwemaminitsi mashanu. Kunyangwe zvakayerwa mhedzisiro ine imwe mhosho neiyo yenyika chiyero nzira, nekuti chikanganiso chikanganiso chakarongeka, mhedzisiro yekutarisa inoenderera inogona kuratidza nemazvo kunaka kwemvura. Iyo chaiyo shanduko yekuchinja kweiyo sewage treatment system inogona kuderedzwa kusvika isingasviki 1 awa, iyo inopa vimbiso yenguva yekugadziriswa kweiyo sewage treatment maparameters ekushanda uye kudzivirira kushanduka kamwe kamwe muhutano hwemvura kubva pakukanganisa nzira yekuchenesa tsvina. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunaka kwetsvina kubva mumudziyo wekuchenesa tsvina inovandudzwa. Rate.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-14-2023
