35.Chii chinonzi turbidity yemvura?
Kushaikwa kwemvura chiratidzo chekufambiswa kwechiedza kwemasampuli emvura. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nediki inorganic uye organic matter uye zvimwe zvakaturikwa zvinhu zvakaita sediment, ivhu, microorganisms uye zvimwe zvakaturikwa zvinhu mumvura izvo zvinoita kuti chiedza chinopfuura nemumvura sampu chipararire kana kubatwa. Inokonzerwa nekupinda kwakananga, dhigirii rekuvharidzira kune kutapurirwa kweimwe chiedza chitubu apo imwe neimwe yemvura yakasvibiswa ine 1 mg SiO2 (kana kuti diatomaceous pasi) inowanzoonekwa seye turbidity standard, inonzi dhigirii yeJackson, inoratidzwa muJTU.
Iyo turbidity mita inogadzirwa zvichibva pamusimboti wekuti yakaturikwa tsvina mumvura ine mhedzisiro yekuparadzira pachiedza. Iyo turbidity yakayerwa ndiyo inoparadzira turbidity unit, inoratidzwa muNTU. Iyo turbidity yemvura haina hukama chete nezviri mukati mechinhu chiri mumvura, asi zvakare chine hukama nehukuru, chimiro, uye zvimiro zvezvikamu izvi.
Yakakwira turbidity yemvura haingo wedzera dosage ye disinfectant, asi zvakare inokanganisa disinfection maitiro. Kuderedza turbidity kunowanzoreva kuderedzwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi mumvura. Kana turbidity yemvura inosvika madhigirii gumi, vanhu vanogona kutaura kuti mvura ine turbid.
36.Ndedzipi nzira dzekuyera turbidity?
Nzira dzekuyera turbidity dzakatsanangurwa muyero yenyika GB13200-1991 dzinosanganisira spectrophotometry uye yekuona colorimetry. Chikamu chemhedzisiro yenzira mbiri idzi iJTU. Pamusoro pezvo, kune nzira yekubatsira yekuyera kusvibiswa kwemvura uchishandisa kupararira kwechiedza. Chikamu chemhedzisiro yakayerwa nemamita eturbidity iNTU. Nzira ye spectrophotometric inokodzera kuonekwa kwemvura yekunwa, mvura yakasikwa uye mvura yakasviba yakawanda, ine zvishoma zvishoma zvekuona muganhu we3 degrees; iyo yekuona colorimetry nzira inokodzera kucherechedzwa kweiyo yakaderera turbidity mvura senge yekunwa mvura uye sosi yemvura, ine shoma yekuona muganho we1 Shandisa. Paunenge uchiyedza turbidity mune yechipiri sedimentation tangi yakasviba kana epamusoro kurapwa kwemvura murabhoritari, nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekuona dzinogona kushandiswa; kana uchiyedza turbidity pane effluent yemuchina wekuchenesa tsvina uye mapaipi eiyo yepamusoro nzira yekurapa, zvinowanzodikanwa kuisa online Turbidimeter.
Iyo yakakosha musimboti weiyo online turbidity mita yakafanana neyeiyo optical sludge concentration mita. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri ndewekuti SS concentration yakayerwa nesludge concentration mita yakakwira, saka inoshandisa musimboti wekunyura kwechiedza, nepo SS yakayerwa nemamita eturbidity iri pasi. Nokudaro, nekushandisa musimboti wekuparadzira chiedza uye kuyera chikamu chekuparadzira chechiedza chinopfuura mumvura yakayerwa, huturu hwemvura hunogona kufungidzirwa.
Turbidity mhedzisiro yekudyidzana pakati pezvimedu zvechiedza uye zvakasimba mumvura. Saizi yeturbidity inoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru uye chimiro chezvimedu zvetsvina mumvura uye inokonzeresa refractive index yechiedza. Naizvozvo, kana zviri mukati mezvakarembera zvakaomeswa mumvura zvakakwirira, kazhinji turbidity Yayo zvakare yakakwirira, asi hapana kuwirirana kwakananga pakati pezviviri. Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakamiswa zvakaomeswa zvakangofanana, asi nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvimiro zvezvakarembera zvakamira, akayerwa turbidity values akasiyana zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, kana mvura yacho ine tsvina yakawanda yakamiswa, nzira yekuyera SS inofanira kushandiswa kunyatsoratidza chiyero chekusvibiswa kwemvura kana huwandu hwehupi hupi.
Yese glassware inosangana nemvura samples inofanira kucheneswa nehydrochloric acid kana surfactant. Sampuli dzemvura dzekuyera turbidity dzinofanirwa kunge dzisina marara uye zvimedu zviri nyore, uye dzinofanirwa kuunganidzwa mumabhodhoro egirazi akamiswa uye kuyerwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mesampling. Mumamiriro ezvinhu anokosha, inogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine rima pa 4 ° C kwenguva pfupi, kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana, uye inoda kuzununguswa nesimba uye inodzokera kune tembiricha yekamuri isati yayerwa.
37.Chii chinonzi ruvara rwemvura?
Iko chromaticity yemvura indekisi inotsanangurwa pakuyera ruvara rwemvura. Iyo chromaticity inotaurwa mukuongorora kwemhando yemvura kazhinji inoreva ruvara rwechokwadi rwemvura, kureva kuti, inongoreva ruvara rwunogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mumuenzaniso wemvura. Nokudaro, kusati kwayera, sampu yemvura inoda kujekeswa, centrifuged, kana kusefa ne 0.45 μm filter membrane kubvisa SS, asi pepa resefa haigoni kushandiswa nokuti pepa resefa rinogona kutora chikamu chemuvara wemvura.
Mhedzisiro yakayerwa pasample yepakutanga isina kusefa kana centrifugation ndiyo inooneka ruvara rwemvura, kureva kuti, ruvara rwakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wezvakanyungudika uye zvisinganyunguriki zvakamiswa. Kazhinji, ruvara runooneka rwemvura harugone kuyerwa uye kuverengerwa uchishandisa platinamu-cobalt colorimetric nzira inoyera iwo chaiwo ruvara. Hunhu hwakadai sehudzamu, hue, uye kujeka zvinowanzotsanangurwa mumashoko, uye zvino kuyerwa uchishandisa nzira ye dilution factor. Mibairo yakayerwa pachishandiswa nzira yeplatinamu-cobalt colorimetric kazhinji haienzaniswi nemhando dzemavara akayerwa uchishandisa dilution yakawanda nzira.
38.Ndeipi nzira dzekuyera ruvara?
Pane nzira mbiri dzekuyera colorimetry: platinamu-cobalt colorimetry uye dilution yakawanda nzira (GB11903-1989). Nzira mbiri idzi dzinofanirwa kushandiswa dzakazvimirira, uye mhedzisiro yakayerwa kazhinji haina kuenzaniswa. Iyo platinum-cobalt colorimetric nzira inokodzera mvura yakachena, mvura yakasvibiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma yero mvura, pamwe chete nemvura yakachena pamusoro pemvura, pasi pevhu, mvura yekunwa uye yakadzoserwa mvura, uye yakashandiswazve mvura mushure mekugadzirwa kwetsvina yepamusoro. Mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri uye yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya pamusoro pemvura inowanzo shandisa dilution nzira dzakawanda kuona ruvara rwavo.
Iyo platinum-cobalt colorimetric nzira inotora ruvara rwe 1 mg yePt (IV) uye 2 mg yecobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate mu1 L yemvura seimwe ruvara rwechiyero unit, inowanzonzi 1 degree. Nzira yekugadzirira ye1 standard colorimetric unit ndeyekuwedzera 0.491mgK2PtCl6 uye 2.00mgCoCl2?6H2O kusvika ku1L yemvura, inozivikanwawo seplatinum uye cobalt standard. Kupeta kaviri platinamu uye cobalt yakajairwa mumiriri inogona kuwana akawanda akajairwa colorimetric zvikamu. Sezvo potassium chlorocobaltate ichidhura, K2Cr2O7 uye CoSO4?7H2O anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira chinotsiva colorimetric mwero mhinduro mune imwe chikamu uye mashandiro matanho. Pakuyera ruvara, enzanisa sampu yemvura kuti ienzaniswe neyakatevedzana yemhando mhinduro dzemavara akasiyana kuti uwane ruvara rwesample yemvura.
Iyo dilution factor nzira ndeyekudzikisa sampu yemvura nemvura ine optically yakachena kusvika yaita kunge isina ruvara uye wobva waiendesa mu colorimetric chubhu. Hudzamu hweruvara hunofananidzwa neihwo hwemvura yakachena yehurefu hwakafanana hwekoramu pane chena kumashure. Kana chero mutsauko ukawanikwa, udzore zvakare kusvikira ruvara rusingagone kuonekwa, iyo dilution factor yemuenzaniso wemvura panguva ino ndiyo inokosha inoratidzira kusimba kwemavara emvura, uye chikwata inguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2023
