Kuongorora mumiti yekuchenesa tsvina inzira yakakosha yekushanda. Mhedzisiro yekuongorora ndiyo hwaro hwekutonga kwetsvina. Nokudaro, kururama kwekuongorora kunoda zvikuru. Iko kurongeka kwemaitiro ekuongorora kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti iyo yakajairika mashandiro ehurongwa ndeyechokwadi uye inonzwisisika!
1. Kutemerwa kwemakemikari okisijeni kudiwa (CODcr)
Kudiwa kwemakemikari okisijeni: inoreva huwandu hweoxidant inopedzwa kana potassium dichromate inoshandiswa seoxidant kurapa masampuli emvura pasi peasidhi yakasimba uye mamiriro ekudziya, iyo unit img/L. Munyika yangu, iyo potassium dichromate nzira inowanzoshandiswa sehwaro. .
1. Nzira musimboti
Mune yakasimba acidic mhinduro, imwe chiyero che potassium dichromate inoshandiswa kuita oxidize zvinhu zvinodzikisa mumuenzaniso wemvura. Iyo yakawandisa potassium dichromate inoshandiswa sechiratidzo uye ferrous ammonium sulfate mhinduro inoshandiswa kudonha kumashure. Verenga huwandu hweokisijeni inopedzwa nekudzikisa zvinhu mumuenzaniso wemvura zvichienderana nehuwandu hweferrous ammonium sulfate inoshandiswa. .
2. Zviridzwa
(1) Reflux mudziyo: ese-girazi reflux mudziyo une 250ml conical flask (kana sampling volume inopfuura 30ml, shandisa-se-girazi reflux mudziyo une 500ml conical flask). .
(2) Chigadzirwa chekupisa: ndiro yemagetsi yekupisa kana vheji yemagetsi yakasiyana. .
(3) 50ml asidhi titrant. .
3. Reagents
(1) Potassium dichromate standard solution (1/6=0.2500mol/L:) Wema 12.258g yemhando kana yepamusoro giredhi pure potassium dichromate yakaomeswa pa120°C kwemaawa maviri, inyungudise mumvura, woiendesa 1000ml volumetric flask. Dilute kune chiratidzo uye zunza zvakanaka. .
(2) Test ferrousin chiratidzo mhinduro: Weresa 1.485g ye phenanthroline, nyungudutsa 0.695g yeferrous sulfate mumvura, dilute kusvika 100ml, uye chengeta mubhodhoro rebrown. .
(3) Ferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution: Weresa 39.5g yeferrous ammonium sulfate woinyungudutsa mumvura. Paunenge uchikurudzira, zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera 20ml ye concentrated sulfuric acid. Mushure mekutonhora, iendese kune 1000ml volumetric flask, wedzera mvura kuti inyungurudze kune chiratidzo, uye zunza zvakanaka. Usati washandisa, calibrate ne potassium dichromate standard solution. .
Calibration nzira: Nyatsotora 10.00ml potassium dichromate standard solution uye 500ml Erlenmeyer flask, wedzera mvura kuti inyungurudze kusvika 110ml, zvishoma nezvishoma wowedzera 30ml concentrated sulfuric acid, uye sanganisa. Mushure mekutonhodza, wedzera madonhwe matatu eferroline indicator solution (inenge 0.15ml) uye titrate neferrous ammonium sulfate. Rudzi rwemushonga unoshanduka kubva kune yero kuenda kune yebhuruu-girinhi kusvika kutsvuku tsvuku uye ndiyo yekupedzisira. .
C[(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2]=0.2500×10.00/V
Muchigadziro, c-iyo kusanganiswa kweferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution (mol/L); V-muyero weferrous ammonium sulfate standard titration solution (ml). .
(4) Sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution: Wedzera 25g yesirivha sulfate kusvika ku2500ml yeconcentrated sulfuric acid. Isiye kwemazuva 1-2 uye uchizunungusa nguva nenguva kuti inyunguduke (kana pasina 2500ml chigadziko, wedzera 5g sirivheri sulfate kusvika 500ml concentrated sulfuric acid). .
(5) Mercury sulfate: crystal kana upfu. .
4. Zvinhu zvekucherechedza
(1) Iyo yakawanda yakawanda ye chloride ion inogona kuomeswa uchishandisa 0.4g yemercury sulfate inogona kusvika 40mL. Semuenzaniso, kana 20.00mL mvura sampu yakatorwa, inogona kuomesa sampu yemvura ine yakanyanya chloride ion concentration ye2000mg/L. Kana iyo chloride ion concentration yakaderera, unogona kuwedzera shoma mecury sulfate kuchengetedza mercury sulfate:chloride ion = 10:1 (W/W). Kana huwandu hushoma hwemercury chloride huchidzika, hazvikanganisi kuyerwa. .
(2) Mvura yekubvisa sampuli yekubvisa vhoriyamu inogona kunge iri muhuwandu hwe10.00-50.00mL, asi iyo reagent dosi uye yekuisa inogona kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana kuti iwane zvinogutsa mhedzisiro. .
(3) Pamasampuli emvura ane makemikari okisijeni anodiwa isingasviki 50mol/L, inofanira kuva 0.0250mol/L potassium dichromate standard solution. Kana musana uchidonha, shandisa 0.01/L ferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution. .
(4) Mushure mokunge sampu yemvura inopisa uye yakagadziriswa, iyo yakasara ye potassium dichromate mumushonga inofanira kuva 1 / 5-4 / 5 yemari shoma yakawedzerwa. .
(5) Paunenge uchishandisa yakajairwa mhinduro ye potassium hydrogen phthalate kuti uedze kunaka uye kushanda tekinoroji yeiyo reagent, sezvo theoretical CODCr pagiramu re potassium hydrogen phthalate iri 1.167g, nyungudutsa 0.4251L potassium hydrogen phthalate uye kaviri-distilled mvura. , iendese kune 1000mL volumetric flask, uye dilue kune mucherechedzo nemvura yakanyungudutswa kaviri kuti iite 500mg/L CODCr yakajairwa mhinduro. Ichangobva kugadzirwa kana yakashandiswa. .
(6) Mhedzisiro yekuyera yeCODCr inofanirwa kuchengetedza manhamba matatu akakosha. .
(7) Muchiyedzo chega chega, iyo ferrous ammonium sulfate standard titration solution inofanirwa kuverengerwa, uye kutariswa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune shanduko mukuiswa kwayo kana tembiricha yekamuri yakakwira. .
5. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yemvura yakadzoserwa uye yekubuda mvura yakaenzana. .
(2) Tora 3 pasi-muromo Erlenmeyer flasks, ane nhamba 0, 1, uye 2; wedzera 6 magirazi bead kune imwe neimwe ye3 Erlenmeyer flasks. .
(3) Wedzera 20 mL yemvura yakasvibiswa kuNo. 0 Erlenmeyer flask (shandisa pipette ine mafuta); wedzera 5 mL yemuenzaniso wemvura yekudyisa kuNo. 1 Erlenmeyer flask (shandisa 5 mL pipette, uye shandisa mvura yekudyisa kushambidza pipette). chubhu 3 nguva), wobva wawedzera 15 mL mvura yakasvibiswa (shandisa pipette yemafuta); wedzera 20 mL ye effluent sample kuNo. 2 Erlenmeyer flask (shandisa mafuta pipette, simbura pipette katatu nemvura inouya). .
(4) Wedzera gumi mL ye potassium dichromate isiri-standard solution kune yega yega 3 Erlenmeyer flasks (shandisa 10 mL potassium dichromate isiri-standard solution pipette, uye sukurudza pipette 3 ne potassium dichromate non-standard solution) Chechipiri) . .
(5) Isa maflask eErlenmeyer pachoto chemagetsi chakawanda-chinangwa, wozovhura pombi yemvura yepombi kuzadza chubhu yecondenser nemvura (usavhure pombi yakakura zvakanyanya, zvichienderana neruzivo). .
(6) Wedzera 30 mL yesirivha sulfate (uchishandisa 25 mL silinda diki yekuyeresa) mumaflask matatu eErlenmeyer kubva kumusoro kwechubhu yecondenser, wozunza maflask matatu eErlenmeyer zvakaenzana. .
(7) Batanidza muchoto chemagetsi akawanda-chinangwa, tanga nguva kubva pakuvira, uye kupisa kwemaawa maviri. .
(8) Mushure mekupisa kwapera, bvisa iyo yemagetsi multi-purpose furace uye woibvumira kuti itonhore kwenguva yakati (inguva yakareba sei zvinoenderana neruzivo). .
(9) Wedzera 90 mL yemvura yakasvibiswa kubva kumusoro kwechubhu ye condenser kusvika kune matatu Erlenmeyer flasks (zvikonzero zvekuwedzera mvura yakasvibiswa: 1. Wedzera mvura kubva muchubhu ye condenser kuti ubvumire sampu yemvura yakasara pamadziro emukati we condenser. chubhu kuyerera muErlenmeyer flask panguva yekudziya kuderedza zvikanganiso . .
(10) Mushure mekuwedzera mvura yakasvibiswa, kupisa kunosunungurwa. Bvisa Erlenmeyer flask uye uitonhodze. .
(11) Mushure mekutonhodza zvachose, wedzera madonhwe matatu eyedzo ferrous chiratidzo kune yega yega matatu Erlenmeyer flasks, uye wozunza matatu Erlenmeyer flasks zvakaenzana. .
(12) Titrate ne ferrous ammonium sulfate. Rudzi rwemushonga unoshanduka kubva kuyero kuenda kubhuruu-girinhi kusvika kutsvuku tsvuku semagumo. (Cherechedza kushandiswa kwemaotomatiki akazara. Mushure mekunyora, yeuka kuverenga uye kusimudza chiyero chemvura cheiyo otomatiki burette kusvika padanho repamusoro usati waenderera kune inotevera titration). .
(13) Rekodha kuverenga uye kuverenga zvabuda. .
2. Kutsunga kwe biochemical oxygen kudiwa (BOD5)
Tsvina yemumba uye mvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri ine huwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Pavanosvibisa mvura, zvinhu izvi zvehupenyu zvinopedza huwandu hwakawanda hweokisijeni yakanyungudika kana ichiora mumuviri wemvura, nokudaro ichiparadza chiyero cheokisijeni mumuviri wemvura uye kukanganisa kunaka kwemvura. Kushaikwa kweokisijeni mumiviri yemvura kunokonzera kufa kwehove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. .
Kuumbwa kwe organic matter iri mumiviri yemvura yakaoma, uye zvakaoma kuona zvikamu zvavo chimwe nechimwe. Vanhu vanowanzo shandisa okisijeni inopedzwa neorganic matter mumvura pasi pemamwe mamiriro kuti vamiririre zvisina kunanga zviri mukati me organic matter mumvura. Biochemical oxygen kudiwa chiratidzo chakakosha cherudzi urwu. .
Iyo yekare nzira yekuyera biochemical oxygen kudiwa ndiyo dilution inoculation nzira. .
Sampuli dzemvura dzekuyera kudiwa kweokisijeni yebiochemical inofanirwa kuzadzwa uye kuvharirwa mumabhodhoro kana yaunganidzwa. Chengetedza pa 0-4 degrees Celsius. Kazhinji, kuongorora kunofanira kuitwa mukati maawa matanhatu. Kana rwendo rurefu runodiwa. Chero zvazvingava, nguva yekuchengetedza haifaniri kudarika maawa makumi maviri nemana. .
1. Nzira musimboti
Kudiwa kweokisijeni yeBiochemical inoreva huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudika inopedzwa mubiochemical process yemicroorganisms inoora zvimwe zvinhu zvinogonesa oxidizable, kunyanya organic zvinhu, mumvura pasi pemamiriro akatarwa. Iyo yese maitiro eiyo biological oxidation inotora nguva yakareba. Semuenzaniso, kana yakasimudzwa pa20 madhigirii Celsius, zvinotora anopfuura mazuva zana kupedzisa hurongwa. Parizvino, zvinowanzorairwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika kuti incubation kwemazuva mashanu pa20 plus kana minus 1 degree Celsius, uye kuyera oxygen yakanyungudika yemusampuli isati yasvika uye yapedza kufukura. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi kukosha kweBOD5, inoratidzirwa mumamirigiramu/lita yeokisijeni. .
Kune imwe mvura yepasi uye yakawanda yetsvina yemaindasitiri, nekuti ine yakawanda organic zvinhu, inoda kuderedzwa pamberi petsika uye kuyerwa kuti ideredze kusungwa kwayo uye kuve nechokwadi chakakwana chakanyungudika okisijeni. Dhigirii re dilution rinofanira kunge rakaita kuti okisijeni yakanyungudika inopedzwa mutsika yakakura kupfuura 2 mg/L, uye yakasara yakanyungudutswa okisijeni inodarika 1 mg/L. .
Kuti uone kuti kune okisijeni yakakwana yakanyungudika mushure mekunge sampu yemvura yanyungudutswa, mvura yakanyungudutswa inowanzoitwa nemhepo, kuitira kuti okisijeni yakanyungudika mumvura yakanyungudutswa iri pedyo nekuzara. Humwe huwandu hweinorganic nutrients uye buffer zvinhu zvinofanirwawo kuwedzerwa kumvura yedilution kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwema microorganisms. .
Kune maindasitiri emarara emvura ane tupukanana tudiki kana asina, anosanganisira acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, high-temperature wastewater kana chlorinated wastewater, inoculation inofanira kuitwa pakuyera BOD5 kuunza microorganisms inogona kuora organic zvinhu mumvura ine tsvina. Kana paine organic zvinhu mumvura yakaraswa izvo zvakaoma kuderedzwa nema microorganisms mune yakajairika sewage yemumba payakajairika kumhanya kana ine zvinhu zvine muchetura zvakanyanya, ma microorganisms ari mudzimba anofanirwa kuunzwa mumvura sampuli kuti inoculation. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kugadziriswa kwemasampuli emvura neBOD5 yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne2mg / L, uye iyo yakawanda haipfuuri 6000mg / L. Kana iyo BOD5 yesampuli yemvura yakakura kupfuura 6000mg/L, zvimwe zvikanganiso zvichaitika nekuda kwekuderedzwa. .
2. Zviridzwa
(1) Constant temperature incubator
(2) 5-20L nhete muromo girazi bhodhoro. .
(3)1000——2000ml silinda yekuyeresa
(4) Girazi rinobvongodza tsvimbo: Hurefu hwetsvimbo hunofanira kureba 200mm kupfuura hurefu hwesilinda yekuyeresa yakashandiswa. Irobhoti yakaoma yerabha ine dhayamita diki pane pasi pehumburumbira hwekuyeresa uye maburi madiki akati wandei akaiswa pasi pemudonzvo. .
(5) Bhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudika: pakati pe250ml ne300ml, ine chivharo chegirazi chepasi uye muromo wakaita sebhero rekuvhara mvura. .
(6) Siphon, inoshandiswa kutora sampuli dzemvura uye kuwedzera dilution mvura. .
3. Reagents
(1) Phosphate buffer solution: Dissolve 8.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 21.75g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 33.4 sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate uye 1.7g ammonium chloride mumvura uye dilute kusvika ku1000ml. Iyo pH yemhinduro iyi inofanira kuva 7.2
(2) Magnesium sulfate mhinduro: Dissolve 22.5g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate mumvura uye dilute kusvika 1000ml. .
(3) Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 27.5% anhydrous calcium chloride mumvura uye shandura kusvika 1000ml. .
(4) Ferric chloride solution: Dissolve 0.25g ferric chloride hexahydrate mumvura uye diluted kusvika 1000ml. .
(5) Hydrochloric acid solution: Dissolve 40ml hydrochloric acid mumvura uye shandura kusvika 1000ml.
(6) Sodium hydroxide solution: Dissolve 20g sodium hydroxide mumvura uye wedzera kusvika 1000ml.
(7) Sodium sulfite mhinduro: Dissolve 1.575g sodium sulfite mumvura uye wedzera kusvika 1000ml. Iyi mhinduro haina kugadzikana uye inoda kugadzirirwa zuva nezuva. .
(8) Glucose-glutamic acid standard solution: Mushure mekuomesa glucose ne glutamic acid pa 103 degrees celsius kweawa imwe, yera 150ml yega yega woinyungudutsa mumvura, iendese kune 1000ml volumetric flask uye nyungudutsa kune mucherechedzo, uye sanganisa zvakaenzana. . Gadzirira mhinduro iyi nguva pfupi usati washandisa. .
(9) Dilution mvura: Huwandu hwepH hwemvura yedilution hunofanira kuva 7.2, uye BOD5 yayo inofanira kuva isingasviki 0.2ml/L. .
(10) Inoculation solution: Kazhinji, tsvina yemumba inoshandiswa, inosiiwa patembiricha yemasikati kwemasikati neusiku, uye iyo supernatant inoshandiswa. .
(11) Inoculation dilution mvura: Tora huwandu hwakakodzera hweinoculation solution, woiwedzera kumvura yedilution, wosanganisa zvakanaka. Nhamba yeinoculation solution yakawedzerwa pa litre yemvura yakasvibiswa ndeye 1-10ml yetsvina yemumba; kana 20-30ml pamusoro pevhu exudate; iyo pH kukosha kweinoculation dilution mvura inofanira kuva 7.2. Huwandu hweBOD hunofanira kuva pakati pe0.3-1.0 mg/L. Iyo inoculation dilution mvura inofanira kushandiswa pakarepo mushure mekugadzirira. .
4. Kuverenga
1. Mvura samples yakagadzirwa zvakananga pasina dilution
BOD5(mg/L)=C1-C2
Muchigadziro: C1--yakanyungudutswa oksijeni kusanganiswa kwemvura sampuli pamberi petsika (mg / L);
C2——Kusara yakanyungudutswa okisijeni concentration (mg/L) mushure mokunge sampu yemvura yaiswa kwemazuva mashanu. .
2. Sampuli dzemvura dzakasimudzwa mushure mekunatswa
BOD5(mg/L)=[(C1-C2)—(B1-B2)f1]∕f2
Muchigadziro: C1--yakanyungudutswa oksijeni kusanganiswa kwemvura sampuli pamberi petsika (mg / L);
C2--Kusara yakanyungudutswa okisijeni concentration (mg / L) mushure memazuva 5 ekuiswa kwemuenzaniso wemvura;
B1——Kunyungudutswa kweokisijeni kusanganisirwa kwemvura yakasviba (kana inoculation dilution mvura) pamberi petsika (mg/L);
B2——Kunyungudutswa kweokisijeni kusanganiswa kwemvura yakasviba (kana inoculation dilution mvura) mushure metsika (mg/L);
f1——Chiyero chemvura yedilution (kana inoculation dilution mvura) mutsika yetsika;
f2——Chikamu chemvura yemuenzaniso wetsika. .
B1——Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa yemvura yakanyungudutswa pamberi petsika;
B2——Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa yemvura yakanyungudutswa mushure mekurima;
f1——Chiyero chemvura yedilution mutsika nemagariro;
f2——Chikamu chemvura yemuenzaniso wetsika. .
Cherechedzo: Kuverengera kwef1 nef2: Semuenzaniso, kana chiyero che dilution chetsika yepakati chiri 3%, kureva kuti, zvikamu zvitatu zvesample yemvura uye zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe emvura yedilution, zvino f1=0.97 uye f2=0.03. .
5. Zvinhu zvekucherechedza
(1) Iyo biological oxidation process ye organic matter mumvura inogona kupatsanurwa kuita nhanho mbiri. Danho rekutanga ndiro oxidation yecarbon nehydrogen muorganic matter kuti ibudise carbon dioxide nemvura. Danho iri rinonzi carbonization stage. Zvinotora anenge mazuva makumi maviri kupedzisa carbonization stage pa20 degrees Celsius. Muchikamu chechipiri, zvinhu zvine nitrogen uye chikamu chenitrogen zvinoiswa mu nitrite uye nitrate, iyo inonzi nitrification nhanho. Zvinotora mazuva angangosvika zana kupedzisa nhanho yenitrification pa20 degrees Celsius. Naizvozvo, pakuyera BOD5 yemasampuli emvura, nitrification kazhinji haina kukosha kana kuti haitomboitika zvachose. Nekudaro, iyo inobuda kubva mubhayoloji yekurapa tangi ine huwandu hukuru hwemabhakitiriya ari nitrifying. Naizvozvo, pakuyera BOD5, kudiwa kweokisijeni yemamwe masanganiswa ane nitrogen anosanganisirwawo. Kune masampuli emvura akadaro, nitrification inhibitors inogona kuwedzerwa kuti inhibit maitiro e nitrification. Nechinangwa ichi, 1 ml yepropylene thiourea ine huwandu hwe500 mg/L kana imwe huwandu hwe2-chlorozone-6-trichloromethyldine yakaiswa pasodium chloride inogona kuwedzerwa kune yega litre yemvura yakanyungudutswa sampu kuita TCMP pa. sampu yakanyungudutswa inenge 0.5 mg/L. .
(2) Magirazi anofanira kunyatsocheneswa. Kutanga nyura uye uchenese ne detergent, wozonyura ne dilute hydrochloric acid, uye pakupedzisira geza nemvura yepombi uye mvura yakasvibiswa. .
(3) Kuti utarise kunaka kwemvura yedilution uye inoculum solution, pamwe nechiyero chekushanda chenyanzvi yemurabhoritari, dilue 20ml yeglucose-glutamic acid standard solution ine inoculation dilution mvura kusvika 1000ml, uye tevera matanho ekuyera. BOD5. Iyo yakayerwa BOD5 kukosha inofanira kuva pakati pe180-230mg/L. Zvikasadaro, tarisa kana paine matambudziko nemhando yeinoculum mhinduro, dilution mvura kana maitiro ekushandisa. .
(4) Kana iyo dilution factor yemuyedzo wemvura ichipfuura ka100, inofanira kutanga yakanyungudutswa nemvura muvhoriyamu flask, uye ipapo huwandu hwakakodzera hunofanira kutorwa kune yekupedzisira dilution tsika. .
3. Kutemerwa kwezvinhu zvakamiswa (SS)
Yakaturikwa yakaoma inomiririra huwandu hwechinhu chisina kunyungudika mumvura. .
1. Nzira musimboti
Iyo yekuyera curve yakavakirwa-mukati, uye kunyudzwa kweiyo sampuli pane yakatarwa wavelength inoshandurwa kuita kukosha kweiyo parameter kuyerwa, uye inoratidzwa paLCD skrini. .
2. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yemvura yakadzoserwa uye yekubuda mvura yakaenzana. .
(2) Tora 1 colorimetric chubhu uye uwedzere 25 mL yemvura inouya sampu, wobva wawedzera mvura yakanyungudutswa kune mucherechedzo (nekuti iyo inouya yemvura SS yakakura, kana isina kuderedzwa, inogona kudarika iyo yakanyanya muganho weiyo yakamiswa solids tester) miganhu. , zvichiita kuti mhedzisiro yacho ive isina kururama. Zvechokwadi, sampling volume yemvura inouya haina kugadziriswa. Kana mvura inouya yakasviba zvakanyanya, tora 10mL uye uwedzere mvura yakasvibiswa pachiyero). .
(3) Batidza yakamiswa solids tester, wedzera mvura yakanyungudutswa kune 2/3 yebhokisi diki rakafanana necuvette, omesa madziro ekunze, dzvanya bhatani rekusarudza uchizunza, wobva waisa yakamiswa solids tester mukati mayo, uye ipapo. dzvanya kiyi yekuverenga. Kana isiri zero, dzvanya kiyi yakajeka kuti ubvise chiridzwa (ingoyera kamwe chete). .
(4) Pima mvura iri kuuya SS: Dururirai mvura iri kuuya muchubhu yecolorimetric mubhokisi diki worigeza katatu, wobva wawedzera sampu yemvura iri kuuya ku2/3, woomesa madziro ekunze, uye wodzvanya kiyi yekusarudza panguva. kudedera. Wobva waiisa mune yakamiswa solids tester, wobva wadzvanya bhatani rekuverenga, pima katatu, uye uverenge kukosha kweavhareji. .
(5) Pima mvura SS: Zunza sampu yemvura zvakaenzana uye sukurudza kabhokisi kadiki katatu…(Nzira yacho yakafanana neyepamusoro)
3. Kuverenga
Mhedzisiro yeinopinza mvura SS ndeye: dilution ratio * yakayerwa inlet mvura sampuli kuverenga. Mhedzisiro yemvura yekubuda SS ndiyo yakananga kuverenga kwechiridzwa cheyero yemvura yakayerwa.
4. Kutsunga kwehuwandu hwephosphorus (TP)
1. Nzira musimboti
Pasi pemamiriro eacidic, orthophosphate inopindirana neammonium molybdate uye potassium antimonyl tartrate kuti iite phosphomolybdenum heteropoly acid, iyo inoderedzwa neinoderedza mumiririri ascorbic acid uye inova yakaoma yebhuruu, inowanzobatanidzwa ne phosphomolybdenum blue. .
Izvo zvishoma zvinoonekwa zvekusangana kweiyi nzira ndeye 0.01mg/L (iyo yekumisikidza inoenderana nekutora A=0.01); muganho wepamusoro wekutsunga ndeye 0.6mg/L. Inogona kuiswa pakuongororwa kweorthophosphate mumvura yepasi, tsvina yemumba uye tsvina yemumaindasitiri kubva kumakemikari emazuva ese, phosphate fertilizer, machined metal surface phosphating kurapwa, mishonga yezvipembenene, simbi, coking uye mamwe maindasitiri. .
2. Zviridzwa
Spectrophotometer
3. Reagents
(1) 1+1 sulfuric acid. .
(2) 10% (m / V) ascorbic acid solution: Dissolve 10g ascorbic acid mumvura uye shandura kusvika 100ml. Mhinduro yacho inochengetwa mubhodhoro regirazi rebrown uye inogadzikana kwemavhiki akawanda munzvimbo inotonhora. Kana ruvara rukaita yero, rasa uye remix. .
(3) Molybdate solution: Dissolve 13g yeammonium molybdate [(NH4)6Mo7O24˙4H2O] mu100ml yemvura. Dissolve 0.35g potassium antimonyl tartrate [K(SbO)C4H4O6˙1/2H2O] mumvura 100ml. Pasi pekugara uchibvongodza, zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera mushonga weammonium molybdate ku300ml (1+1) sulfuric acid, wedzera potassium antimony tartrate solution uye sanganisa zvakaenzana. Chengetedza reagents mumabhodhoro egirazi rebrown munzvimbo inotonhora. Yakagadzikana kweinenge 2 mwedzi. .
(4) Turbidity-color compensation solution: Sanganisa mavhoriyamu maviri e (1+1) sulfuric acid uye imwe vhoriyamu ye10% (m/V) ascorbic acid solution. Iyi sarudzo inogadzirirwa pazuva rimwechete. .
(5) Phosphate stock solution: Dry potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) pa 110 ° C kwemaawa maviri uye rega kutonhorera mu desiccator. Weresa 0.217g, inyungudise mumvura, woiendesa kune 1000ml volumetric flask. Wedzera 5ml ye (1 + 1) sulfuric acid uye simbisa nemvura kune chiratidzo. Mushonga uyu une 50.0ug phosphorus pa millilita. .
(6) Phosphate standard solution: Tora 10.00ml yefosfate stock solution mu250ml volumetric flask, wozorevesa kumaki nemvura. Mushonga uyu une 2.00ug phosphorus pa millilita. Yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa pakarepo. .
4. Matanho ekuyera (kungotora kuyerwa kwemvura yekupinza uye yekubuda nayo semuenzaniso)
(1) Kuzunungusa sampuli yemvura inopinza yakadzoserwa uye sampuli yemvura yekubuda nayo zvakanaka (mucherechedzo wemvura wakatorwa mudziva rebiochemical unofanira kuzununguswa zvakanaka uye wosiiwa kwenguva yakati kuti utore mashura). .
(2) Tora 3 stoppered scale tubes, wedzera mvura yakadirwa kune yekutanga stoppered scale chubhu kumutsetse wepamusoro; wedzera 5mL yesampuli yemvura kune yechipiri yakamisa chiyero chubhu, uye wobva wawedzera mvura yakadirwa kumutsetse wepamusoro; chechitatu chinomira chikero chubhu Brace plug yakapedza kudzidza
Soak mu hydrochloric acid kwemaawa maviri, kana kukwesha ne phosphate-isina detergent. .
(3) Iyo cuvette inofanira kunyikwa mu dilute nitric acid kana chromic acid washing solution kwechinguvana mushure mekushandisa kubvisa adsorbed molybdenum blue colorant. .
5. Kutemerwa kwenitrogen yese (TN)
1. Nzira musimboti
Mumushonga une aqueous uri pamusoro pe60°C, potassium persulfate inoora maererano neanotevera reaction formula kuti ibudise hydrogen ions uye oxygen. K2S2O8+H2O→2KHSO4+1/2O2KHSO4→K++HSO4_HSO4→H++SO42-
Wedzera sodium hydroxide kuti usaite maion ehydrogen uye upedze kuparara kwe potassium persulfate. Pasi peiyo alkaline yepakati mamiriro e120 ℃-124 ℃, uchishandisa potassium persulfate seyo oxidant, kwete chete iyo ammonia nitrogen uye nitrite nitrogen iri mumvura sampuli inogona kuiswa mu nitrate, asiwo akawanda e organic nitrogen makomisheni ari mumvura sampuli anogona. kuve oxidized muNitrates. Wobva washandisa ultraviolet spectrophotometry kuyera kunyura pamasaisai e220nm uye 275nm zvichiteerana, uye kuverenga kunyura kwenitrogen nitrogen maererano neformula inotevera: A=A220-2A275 kuverenga huwandu hwenitrogen. Iyo molar absorption coefficient ndeye 1.47 × 103
2. Kupindira uye kubvisa
(1) Kana sampu yemvura iine hexavalent chromium ions uye ferric ions, 1-2 ml ye5% hydroxylamine hydrochloride mhinduro inogona kuwedzerwa kubvisa simba ravo pachiyero. .
(2) Iodide ions uye bromide ions zvinokanganisa kutsunga. Iko hakuna kupindira kana iyo iodide ion yemukati iri 0.2 nguva iyo yakazara nitrogen yemukati. Iko hakuna kuvhiringidza kana iyo bromide ion yemukati iri 3.4 nguva iyo yakazara nitrogen yemukati. .
(3) Kupesvedzera kwecarbonate uye bicarbonate pane kutsunga kunogona kubviswa nekuwedzera imwe huwandu hwehydrochloric acid. .
(4) Sulfate uye chloride haina mhedzisiro pakutsunga. .
3. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwenzira
Iyi nzira inonyanya kukodzera kutariswa kwenitrogen yakazara mumadhamu, madhamu, uye nzizi. Iyo yakaderera yekuona muganho weiyo nzira ndeye 0.05 mg / L; muganho wepamusoro wekutsunga ndeye 4 mg/L. .
4. Zviridzwa
(1) UV spectrophotometer. .
(2) Shingairira sterilizer yemumba kana yekubikira imba. .
(3) Girazi chubhu ine chivharo uye pasi muromo. .
5. Reagents
(1) Mvura isina ammonia, wedzera 0.1ml yakanyungudutswa sulfuric acid parita yemvura uye distill. Unganidza tsvina mumudziyo wegirazi. .
(2) 20% (m/V) sodium hydroxide: Weresa 20g yesodium hydroxide, nyungudika mumvura isina ammonia, uye wedzera kusvika ku100ml. .
(3) Alkaline potassium persulfate solution: Weresa 40g potassium persulfate uye 15g sodium hydroxide, zvinyunguduse mumvura isina ammonia, uye dilute kusvika ku1000ml. Mhinduro yacho inochengetwa mubhodhoro re polyethylene uye inogona kuchengetwa kwevhiki imwe chete. .
(4) 1+9 hydrochloric acid. .
(5) Potassium nitrate yakajairika mhinduro: a. Standard stock solution: Wema 0.7218g ye potassium nitrate yakaomeswa pa 105-110 ° C kwemaawa mana, inyunguduse mumvura isina ammonia, uye iendese kune 1000ml volumetric flask kuti igadzirise kuhuwandu. Mhinduro iyi ine 100 mg ye nitrate nitrogen per ml. Wedzera 2ml chloroform sechinhu chinodzivirira uye ichagadzikana kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu. b. Potassium nitrate yakajairwa mhinduro: Dilute iyo stock solution ka10 nemvura isina ammonia. Mhinduro iyi ine 10 mg ye nitrate nitrogen per ml. .
6. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yemvura yakadzoserwa uye yekubuda mvura yakaenzana. .
(2) Tora matatu 25mL colorimetric chubhu (ona kuti haasi makuru colorimetric chubhu). Wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune yekutanga colorimetric chubhu uye woiwedzera kune yakaderera chiyero mutsara; wedzera 1mL yemvura inopinza sampuli kune yechipiri colorimetric chubhu, uye wobva wawedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune yakaderera chiyero mutsara; wedzera 2mL yemvura yekubuda sampuli kune yechitatu colorimetric chubhu, wobva wawedzera mvura yakadirwa kwairi. Wedzera kune yakaderera chikwekwe chiratidzo. .
(3) Wedzera 5 mL yeyakakosha potassium persulfate kune matatu colorimetric chubhu zvakateerana.
(4) Isa matatu colorimetric machubhu mubeaker yepurasitiki, wobva wadziisa mupressure cooker. Ita digestion. .
(5) Mushure mekupisa, bvisa gauze uye bvumira kutonhora zvakasununguka. .
(6) Mushure mekutonhodza, wedzera 1 mL ye1+9 hydrochloric acid kune yega yega matatu colorimetric chubhu. .
(7) Wedzera mvura yakadirwa kune yega yega matatu colorimetric chubhu kusvika kune yepamusoro mamaki uye zunza zvakanaka. .
(8) Shandisa mawavelength maviri uye kuyera ne spectrophotometer. Kutanga, shandisa 10mm quartz cuvette ine wavelength ye 275nm (yati kurei zvishoma) kuyera isina chinhu, inopinza mvura, uye inobuda mvura samples uye uverenge; zvino shandisa 10mm quartz cuvette ine wavelength ye220nm (yati kurei zvishoma) kuyera masampuli emvura asina chinhu, inopinza, uye yekubuda nayo. Tora uye ubudise masampuli emvura uye uverenge. .
(9) Maverengero abuda. .
6. Kusarudzwa kweammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)
1. Nzira musimboti
Alkaline solutions ye mercury ne potassium inopindirana neammonia kuti iite chiedza chakatsvuka-brown colloidal compound. Rudzi urwu rune kunyura kwakasimba pamusoro pehupamhi hwewavelength. Kazhinji iyo wavelength inoshandiswa kuyera iri muhuwandu hwe410-425nm. .
2. Kuchengetedzwa kwemasampuli emvura
Sampuli dzemvura dzinounganidzwa mumabhodhoro epolyethylene kana mabhodhoro egirazi uye dzinofanirwa kuongororwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera sulfuric acid kumuenzaniso wemvura kuti uite acidify kune pH<2, woichengeta pa2-5°C. Acidified samples inofanira kutorwa kudzivirira kubatwa kweammonia mumhepo uye kusvibiswa. .
3. Kupindira uye kubvisa
Organic compounds senge aliphatic amines, anonhuwirira amines, aldehydes, acetone, alcohols uye organic nitrogen amines, pamwe neinorganic ions sesimbi, manganese, magnesium uye sarufa, inokonzera kukanganisa nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemavara akasiyana kana turbidity. Ruvara uye turbidity yemvura zvakare inobata Colorimetric. Nechinangwa ichi, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration kana distillation pretreatment inodiwa. Volatile inoderedza zvinokanganisa zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kupiswa pasi pe acidic mamiriro ekubvisa kukanganiswa nesimbi ions, uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwe masking agent inogonawo kuwedzerwa kuti ibvise. .
4. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwenzira
Iyo yakaderera inoonekwa yeiyi nzira ndeye 0.025 mg / l (photoometric nzira), uye muganhu wepamusoro wekutsunga ndeye 2 mg / l. Uchishandisa colorimetry yekuona, iyo yakaderera inoonekwa yekuisa ndeye 0.02 mg/l. Mushure mekugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwemasampuli emvura, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kumvura yepamusoro, pasi pemvura, mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri uye tsvina yemumba. .
5. Zviridzwa
(1) Spectrophotometer. .
(2)PH mita
6. Reagents
Mvura yose inoshandiswa kugadzira reagents inofanira kunge isina ammonia. .
(1) Nessler's reagent
Iwe unogona kusarudza imwe yeinotevera nzira dzekugadzirira:
1. Weresa 20g ye potassium iodide woinyungudutsa mune inenge 25ml yemvura. Wedzera mercury dichloride (HgCl2) crystal powder (inenge 10g) muzvikamu zviduku paunenge uchikurudzira. Kana vermilion precipitate ichionekwa uye yakaoma kunyungudika, inguva yekuwedzera saturated dioxide dropwise. Mercury solution uye simbisai zvakakwana. Kana vermilion precipitate yaonekwa uye isingachanyungudika, mira kuwedzera mercuric chloride solution. .
Eresa imwe 60g ye potassium hydroxide woinyungudutsa mumvura, woideredza kusvika 250ml. Mushure mekutonhodza kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri, zvishoma nezvishoma dururira mhinduro iri pamusoro mumushonga we potassium hydroxide uchikurudzira, uidure nemvura kusvika ku400ml, uye sanganisa zvakanaka. Rega kumira kwehusiku, endesa iyo supernatant mubhodhoro re polyethylene, uye uichengete nechivharo chakasimba. .
2. Weresa 16g ye sodium hydroxide, inyunguduse mu 50ml yemvura, uye inotonhorera zvakakwana kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri. .
Eresa imwe 7g ye potassium iodide uye 10g ye mercury iodide (HgI2) woinyungudutsa mumvura. Wopinza mushonga uyu zvishoma nezvishoma mumushonga wesodium hydroxide uchikuchidzira, wouisa nemvura kusvika pa100ml, uuchengete mubhodhoro repolyethylene, uye ramba wakavharwa zvakasimba. .
(2) Potassium sodium acid solution
Weresa 50g ye potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H4O6.4H2O) uye inyunguduse mu 100ml yemvura, kupisa uye kubika kubvisa ammonia, kutonhora uye kunyunguduka kusvika ku100ml. .
(3) Ammonium standard stock solution
Weresa 3.819g yeammonium chloride (NH4Cl) yakaomeswa pa100 degrees Celsius, inyunguduse mumvura, woiendesa kune 1000ml volumetric flask, uye nyorovesa kune mucherechedzo. Mhinduro iyi ine 1.00mg ammonia nitrogen per ml. .
(4) Ammonium standard solution
Pipette 5.00ml yeamine standard stock solution mu500ml volumetric flask uye nyorovesa nemvura kune mucherechedzo. Mhinduro iyi ine 0.010mg ammonia nitrogen per ml. .
7. Kuverenga
Tsvaga iyo ammonia nitrogen yemukati (mg) kubva pacalibration curve
Ammonia nitrogen (N, mg/l)=m/v*1000
Muchidimbu, m - chiyero cheammonia nitrogen chinowanikwa kubva pakuenzanisa (mg), V - huwandu hwemvura yemvura (ml). .
8. Zvinhu zvekucherechedza
(1) Chiyero che sodium iodide uye potassium iodide ine simba guru pakunzwa kwekuita kwemavara. Mvura yakaumbwa mushure mekuzorora inofanira kubviswa. .
(2) Pepa resefa rinowanzova nematehwe emunyu weammonium, saka iva nechokwadi chekuwacha nemvura isina ammonia paunenge uchiishandisa. Yese glassware inofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva pakusvibiswa kweammonia mumhepo yerabhoritari. .
9. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yemvura yakadzoserwa uye yekubuda mvura yakaenzana. .
(2) Dururira sampu yemvura inopinza uye sampu yemvura yekubuda mumabheki 100mL zvichiteerana. .
(3) Wedzera 1 mL ye10% zinc sulfate uye 5 madonhwe e sodium hydroxide mumabheki maviri zvakateerana, uye kurunga netsvimbo mbiri dzegirazi. .
(4) Rega igare kwemaminetsi matatu wobva watanga kusefa. .
(5) Dururira sampu yemvura yakamira musefa funnel. Mushure mekusefa, durura iyo filtrate mubeaker yepasi. Zvadaro shandisa beaker iyi kunhonga sampu yemvura yasara mufoni. Kusvikira kusefa kwapera, dururira iyo filtrate mubeaker yepasi zvakare. Dururira kure filtrate. (Nemamwe mazwi, shandisa filtrate kubva kune imwe funnel kushambidza beaker kaviri)
(6) Sefa masample emvura asara mumabeaker zvichiteerana. .
(7) Tora 3 colorimetric chubhu. Wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune yekutanga colorimetric chubhu uye uwedzere kuchiyero; wedzera 3-5mL yeinopinza mvura sampu yekusefa kune yechipiri colorimetric chubhu, wobva wawedzera mvura yakadirwa pachiyero; wedzera 2mL yemvura yekubuda sampuli yekusefa kune yechitatu colorimetric chubhu. Zvadaro wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune chiratidzo. (Huwandu hwemvura inouya uye inobuda sampuli filtrate haina kugadziriswa)
(8) Wedzera 1 mL potassium sodium tartrate uye 1.5 mL Nessler's reagent kune matatu colorimetric chubhu zvakateerana. .
(9) Kuzunungusa zvakanaka uye nguva kwemaminitsi gumi. Shandisa spectrophotometer kuyera, uchishandisa wavelength ye420nm uye 20mm cuvette. Calculate. .
(10) Maverengero abuda. .
7. Kusarudzwa kwenitrate nitrogen (NO3-N)
1. Nzira musimboti
Mumuenzaniso wemvura mune alkaline svikiro, nitrate inogona kuderedzwa kusvika kuammonia neinoderedza (Daisler alloy) pasi pekupisa. Mushure mekuita distillation, inopinzwa muboric acid mhinduro uye kuyerwa uchishandisa Nessler's reagent photometry kana acid titration. . .
2. Kupindira uye kubvisa
Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nitrite zvakare yakaderedzwa kuita ammonia uye inoda kubviswa pachine nguva. Ammonia uye ammonia munyu mumasampuli emvura anogonawo kubviswa nepre-distillation usati wawedzera Daisch alloy. .
Iyi nzira inonyanya kukodzera kugadziriswa kwe nitrate nitrogen mumasampuli emvura yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kushandiswawo kugadzirisa nitrite nitrogen mumasampuli emvura (sampu yemvura inotarirwa nealkaline pre-distillation kubvisa ammonia uye ammonium salts, uye ipapo nitrite Nhamba yose yemunyu, kubvisa huwandu. ye nitrate yakayerwa zvakasiyana, huwandu hwe nitrite). .
3. Zviridzwa
Nitrogen-fixing distillation mudziyo une nitrogen mabhora. .
4. Reagents
(1) Sulfamic acid solution: Weresa 1g ye sulfamic acid (HOSO2NH2), inyunguduse mumvura, uye wedzera kusvika ku100ml. .
(2) 1+1 hydrochloric acid
(3) Sodium hydroxide solution: Weresa 300g yesodium hydroxide, inyungudise mumvura, uye wedzera ku1000ml. .
(4) Daisch alloy (Cu50: Zn5: Al45) upfu. .
(5) Boric acid solution: Weresa 20g ye boric acid (H3BO3), inyunguduse mumvura, uye inyura kusvika ku1000ml. .
5. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza masampula akadzoserwa kubva padanho rechitatu uye reflux poindi woisa kuti ajekeserwe kwenguva yakati rebei. .
(2) Tora 3 colorimetric chubhu. Wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune yekutanga colorimetric chubhu uye uwedzere kuchiyero; wedzera 3mL yeNo. 3 spotting supernatant kune yechipiri colorimetric chubhu, uye wobva wawedzera distilled mvura pachiyero; wedzera 5mL ye reflux spotting supernatant kune yechitatu colorimetric chubhu, wobva wawedzera mvura yakadirwa kune chiratidzo. .
(3) Tora midziyo mitatu inofefetera wodira mvura yacho mumachubhu matatu eruvara mundiro dziri kubuda. .
(4) Wedzera 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide kune matatu evaporating ndiro maererano nekugadzirisa pH kusvika 8. (Shandisa precision pH test paper, iyo iri pakati pe5.5-9.0. Imwe neimwe inoda madonhwe makumi maviri e sodium hydroxide)
(5) Vhura bhati remvura, isa dhishi rinoputika pabhati remvura, uye isa tembiricha kusvika 90 ° C kusvika yanyungudika kusvika pakuoma. (zvinotora maawa maviri)
(6) Mushure mekuputika kusvika pakuoma, bvisa ndiro inoputika uye itonhodze. .
(7) Mushure mekutonhora, wedzera 1 mL ye phenol disulfonic acid kune matatu evaporating dishes maererano, geda negirazi tsvimbo kuti reagent ibatane zvizere neyakasara mudhishi inoputika, rega imire kwechinguva, uye wozokuya zvakare. Mushure mekuisiya kwemaminetsi gumi, Isa ingangoita gumi mL yemvura yakasvibiswa zvichiteerana. .
(8) Wedzera 3-4mL mvura yeammonia kune ndiro dzinoputika paunenge uchikurudzira, uye wozozvifambisa kune dzinoenderana necolorimetric tubes. Wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kune mucherechedzo maererano. .
(9) Kuzunungusa zvakaenzanirana uye kuyera ne spectrophotometer, uchishandisa 10mm cuvette (yakajairika girazi, nyowani zvishoma) ine wavelength ye410nm. Uye ramba uchiverenga. .
(10) Maverengero abuda. .
8. Kutsunga kweokisijeni yakanyungudika (DO)
Molecular oxygen yakanyungudutswa mumvura inonzi okisijeni yakanyungudika. Iyo yakanyungudutswa yeokisijeni yemukati mumvura yakasikwa zvinoenderana nekuenzanisa kweokisijeni mumvura uye mumhepo. .
Kazhinji, iyo iodine nzira inoshandiswa kuyera okisijeni yakanyungudika.
1. Nzira musimboti
Manganese sulfate uye alkaline potassium iodide inowedzerwa kumuenzaniso wemvura. Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumvura inookisisa yakaderera-valent manganese kune yakakwirira-valent manganese, ichigadzira yakasviba precipitate ye tetravalent manganese hydroxide. Mushure mekuwedzera asidhi, iyo hydroxide precipitate inonyungudika uye inopindirana neiyo iodide ions kuisunungura. Iodine yemahara. Uchishandisa starch sechiratidzo uye titrating iyo iodine yakaburitswa ine sodium thiosulfate, iyo yakanyungudika yeokisijeni yemukati inogona kuverengerwa. .
2. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Tora sampuli panzvimbo 9 mubhodhoro remuromo wakafara uye rega igare kwemaminetsi gumi. (Ndokumbira utarise kuti uri kushandisa bhodhoro remuromo wakafara uye teerera kune sampling nzira)
(2) Isai gokora regirazi mumuenzaniso webhodhoro rakafara, shandisa nzira yesiphon kuyamwa mashura mubhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudika, tanga wasveta zvishoma, sukurudza bhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudutswa katatu, uye wozopedzisira wasveta mune supernatant. rizadze neokisijeni yakanyungudika. bhodhoro. .
(3) Wedzera 1mL manganese sulfate uye 2mL alkaline potassium iodide kune yakazara yakanyungudika bhodhoro reokisijeni. (Cherechedza kuchenjerera paunenge uchiwedzera, wedzera kubva pakati)
(4) Vhura bhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudika, zunza kumusoro uye pasi, zunza zvakare maminetsi mashoma, uye zunza katatu. .
(5) Wedzera 2mL ye concentrated sulfuric acid kune yakanyungudutswa bhodhoro reokisijeni uye zunza zvakanaka. Rega igare munzvimbo ine rima kwemaminitsi mashanu. .
(6) Dururira sodium thiosulfate mualkaline buret (ine rubber chubhu uye girazi beads. Teerera musiyano pakati peasidhi nealkaline burettes) kune mutsara wechikero uye gadzirira titration. .
(7) Mushure mekuita kuti imire kwemaminitsi mashanu, bvisa bhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudutswa rakaiswa murima, dururira mvura mubhodhoro reokisijeni rakanyungudika mu 100mL silinda yekuyeresa yepurasitiki, worigeza katatu. Pakupedzisira dururira kune 100mL chiratidzo chehumburumbira hwekuyeresa. .
(8) Dururira mvura mucylinder yekuyeresa muErlenmeyer flask. .
(9) Titrate ne sodium thiosulfate muErlenmeyer flask kusvika isina ruvara, wobva wawedzera donhodzo re starch indicator, wozoti titrate ne sodium thiosulfate kusvika yapera, wonyora kuverenga. .
(10) Maverengero abuda. .
Okisijeni yakanyungudika (mg/L)=M*V*8*1000/100
M ndiko kusangana kwe sodium thiosulfate mhinduro (mol/L)
V ndiyo vhoriyamu yesodium thiosulfate solution inopedzwa panguva yetitration (mL)
9. Total alkalinity
1. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yemvura yakadzoserwa uye yekubuda mvura yakaenzana. .
(2) Sefa sampu yemvura iri kuuya (kana mvura iri kuuya yakachena, pasina kusefa inodiwa), shandisa 100 mL graduated cylinder kutora 100 mL yefiltrate mu500 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Shandisa 100mL girajuweta silinda kutora 100mL yemvura inozunguzirwa sample mune imwe 500mL Erlenmeyer flask. .
(3) Wedzera madonhwe matatu emethyl red-methylene blue indicator kune maviri Erlenmeyer flasks zvichiteerana, ayo anoshanduka akasvibira. .
(4) Dururira 0.01mol / L hydrogen ion standard solution mu alkaline buret (ine rubber tube uye girazi mabheji, 50mL. Iyo alkaline burette inoshandiswa mukuyerwa kweokisijeni kuyerwa ndeye 25mL, teerera kusiyanisa) kune chiratidzo. Waya. .
(5) Titrate hydrogen ion standard solution kuita maflask maviri eErlenmeyer kuratidza ruvara rwelavender, uye nyora mavhoriyamu akaverengwa. (Remember to read after titrating one and fill it up to titrate the other. Sample yemvura inopinza inoda mamilliliters anosvika makumi mana, and the outlet water sample inoda about ten milliliters)
(6) Maverengero abuda. Huwandu hwehydrogen ion standard solution *5 ndiyo vhoriyamu. .
10. Kutemerwa kwe sludge settling ratio (SV30)
1. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Tora 100mL silinda yekuyera. .
(2) Zunza sampuli yakadzoserwa panzvimbo 9 yemugero weoxidation zvakaenzana uye uidururire mucylinder yekuyeresa kune iyo yepamusoro chiratidzo. .
(3) Maminitsi makumi matatu mushure mekutanga nguva, verenga kuverenga kwechiyero pane interface uye uirekodhe. .
11. Kutemerwa kwesludge volume index (SVI)
Iyo SVI inoyerwa nekupatsanura sludge settling ratio (SV30) ne sludge concentration (MLSS). Asi chenjera pakushandura mayunitsi. Chikamu cheSVI i mL/g. .
12. Kutsunga kwedhaka remvura (MLSS)
1. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Zunza sampu yakadzoserwa panzvimbo 9 uye sampuli pane reflux point zvakaenzana. .
(2) Tora 100mL imwe neimwe yemuenzaniso panzvimbo ye9 uye sampuli pane reflux point mu silinda yekuyera. (Sample papoindi 9 inogona kuwanikwa nekuyera sludge sedimentation ratio)
(3) Shandisa rotary vane vacuum pombi kusefa sampuli panzvimbo 9 uye sampuli panzvimbo yereflux mucylinder yekuyera zvakateerana. (Chenjererai kusarudzwa kwebepa resefa. Bepa resefa rinoshandiswa ipepa resefa rakayerwa pachine nguva. Kana MLVSS ichizoyerwa pamuenzaniso papoint 9 pazuva rimwe chete, quantitative filter paper inofanira kushandiswa kusefa sampuli. papoint 9. Zvisinei, qualitative filter paper inofanira kushandiswa, teerera kune quantitative filter paper uye qualitative filter paper.
(4) Buritsa sefa yakasefa bepa mud sample woiisa muchoto chinoputika chemagetsi. Kupisa kwevheni yekuomesa kunokwira kusvika 105 ° C uye inotanga kuoma kwemaawa maviri. .
(5) Buritsa yakaomeswa sefa bepa mud sample woiisa mugirazi desiccator kuti itonhore kwehafu yeawa. .
6 .
(7) Maverengero abuda. Sludge concentration (mg/L) = (kuenzanisa kuverenga - uremu hwepepa resefa) * 10000
13. Kutemerwa kwezvinoputika organic zvinhu (MLVSS)
1. Matanho ekuyera
(1) Mushure mekuyera sefa pepa dhaka sampuli pane 9 ine chaiyo yemagetsi chiyero, isa sefa bepa rematope sampu mudiki diki crucible. .
(2) Batidza choto chemhando yebhokisi, gadzirisa tembiricha kusvika 620 ° C, uye isa diki porcelain crucible mubhokisi-mhando yekupikisa muchoto kweanenge maawa maviri. .
(3) Mushure memaawa maviri, vhara bhokisi-mhando yekudzivirira choto. Mushure mekutonhora kwemaawa matatu, vhura musuwo webhokisi-mhando yekudzivirira choto zvishoma uye inotonhorera zvakare kweinenge hafu yeawa kuti uone kuti tembiricha yeporcelain crucible haipfuure 100 ° C. .
(4) Bvisa porcelain crucible woiisa mugirazi desiccator kuti itonhore zvakare kweinenge hafu yeawa, woiyera pachiyero chemagetsi, uye nyora kuverenga. .
(5) Maverengero abuda. .
Volatile organic zvinhu (mg/L) = (huremu hwesefa bepa dhaka sampuli + huremu hwediki crucible - chiyero kuverenga) * 10000.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-19-2024
