Yese phosphorous chiratidzo chakakosha chemhando yemvura, ine simba guru pane ecological nharaunda yemitumbi yemvura uye hutano hwevanhu. Yese phosphorous ndeimwe yezvinovaka muviri zvinodikanwa pakukura kwezvirimwa uye algae, asi kana iyo yakazara phosphorus mumvura yakawandisa, inotungamira kune eutrophication yemuviri wemvura, kukurumidza kuberekana kwealgae uye mabhakitiriya, kukonzera algal blooms, uye zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya nharaunda yezvisikwa zvemuviri wemvura. Uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge mvura yekunwa nemvura yekushambira, yakakwira phosphorus yakazara inogona kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu, kunyanya kune vacheche nevakadzi vane pamuviri.
Zvitubu zve phosphorus yakazara mumvura
(1) Kusvibiswa kwekurima
Kusvibiswa kwekurima kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemakemikari fetiraiza, uye phosphorus mumakemikari fetiraiza inoyerera ichipinda mumvura kuburikidza nemvura inonaya kana kudiridza kwekurima. Kazhinji, 10% -25% chete yefetereza inogona kushandiswa nemiti, uye yakasara 75% -90% inosara muvhu. Maererano nemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza yapfuura, 24% -71% ye phosphorus mumvura inobva mukurima kwekurima, saka kusvibiswa kwephosphorus mumvura kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekutama kwe phosphorus muvhu kuenda kumvura. Zvinoenderana nenhamba, mwero wekushandiswa kwefosfate fetiraiza kazhinji ingori 10% -20%. Kunyanya kushandisa phosphate fetiraiza hakungokonzeri kutambisa zviwanikwa, asi kunokonzera kuwandisa phosphate fetereza kusvibisa zvitubu zvemvura kuburikidza nekumhanya kwepamusoro.
(2) tsvina yemumba
Tsvina dzemudzimba dzinosanganisira tsvina yezvivakwa zveveruzhinji, suweji yekugara mudzimba, uye tsvina yemumaindasitiri inorasirwa mumasiweji. Chinhu chikuru chephosphorous mutsvina yemumba ndiko kushandisa phosphorus-ine washing products, tsvina yevanhu, uye marara emumba. Zvigadzirwa zvekugezesa zvinonyanya kushandisa sodium phosphate uye polysodium phosphate, uye phosphorus iri mudetergent inoyerera ichipinda mumvura yemvura netsvina.
(3) Mvura yakasviba yeindasitiri
Mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa yakawandisa phosphorus mumiviri yemvura. Mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ine hunhu hwekunyanya kusvibisa, marudzi mazhinji ezvinosvibisa, zvakaoma kudzikisa, uye zvinhu zvakaomarara. Kana mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri ikaburitswa yakananga isina kurapwa, inokonzeresa kukanganisa kukuru pamvura. Migumisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevagari vemo.
Sewage Phosphorus Removal Method
(1) Electrolysis
Kuburikidza nemusimboti weelectrolysis, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mumvura yetsvina zvinosangana nekuderedza maitiro uye oxidation reaction pamapango asina kunaka uye akanaka zvichiteerana, uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinoshandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekuchenesa mvura. Iyo electrolysis maitiro ane zvakanakira kushanda kwepamusoro, midziyo iri nyore, kushanda kuri nyore, kubviswa kwakanyanya, uye maindasitiri emidziyo; haifaniri kuwedzera coagulants, maajenti ekuchenesa uye mamwe makemikari, inodzivisa kukanganisa kune zvakasikwa, uye inoderedza mari panguva imwe chete. Chidimbu chidiki chedhaka chichagadzirwa. Nekudaro, nzira ye electrolysis inoda kushandisa simba remagetsi nesimbi, mutengo wekushandisa wakakwirisa, gadziriso uye manejimendi yakaoma, uye dambudziko rekushandiswa kwesediment kunoda kumwe kutsvagisa nemhinduro.
(2) Electrodialysis
Munzira ye electrodialysis, kuburikidza nekuita kwemunda wemagetsi wekunze, anions uye cations mumushonga wemvura inoenda kune anode uye cathode zvakateerana, kuitira kuti ion concentration iri pakati pe electrode ideredze zvakanyanya, uye ion concentration. pedyo ne electrode inowedzera. Kana ion exchange membrane yakawedzerwa pakati pe electrode, kuparadzana uye kuisa pfungwa kunogona kuwanikwa. chinangwa che. Musiyano uripo pakati pe electrodialysis ne electrolysis ndewekuti kunyangwe voltage ye electrodialysis yakakwira, yazvino haina kukura, isingakwanise kuchengetedza inoenderera redox reaction inodiwa, nepo electrolysis ichingopesana. Electrodialysis tekinoroji ine zvakanakira kusada chero makemikari, zviri nyore zvishandiso uye gungano maitiro, uye kushanda kuri nyore. Zvakadaro, pane zvakare zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinodzikisira kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura, senge mashandisirwo emagetsi akawanda, zvinodikanwa zvakakwirira zvemvura yakasvibira pretreatment, uye kusagadzikana kwekurapa.
(3) Adsorption nzira
Iyo adsorption method inzira umo zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumvura zvinoshambadzirwa uye zvinogadziriswa ne porous solids (adsorbents) kubvisa zvinosvibisa mumvura. Kazhinji, iyo adsorption nzira yakakamurwa kuita matanho matatu. Kutanga, iyo adsorbent inosangana zvakakwana nemvura yakasvibiswa kuitira kuti zvinosvibisa zviziviswe; chechipiri, kuparadzaniswa kweadsorbent uye mvura yakasvibiswa; chechitatu, kuvandudzwa kana kuvandudzwa kwe adsorbent. Kuwedzera kune yakashandiswa yakawanda activated kabhoni se adsorbent, synthetic macroporous adsorption resin inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemvura adsorption. Iyo adsorption nzira ine mabhenefiti ekushanda kuri nyore, yakanaka kurapa maitiro uye nekukurumidza kurapwa. Nekudaro, iyo mutengo wakakwira, uye iyo adsorption saturation mhedzisiro inoderera. Kana resin adsorption ikashandiswa, kuongororwa kunodiwa mushure mekushambadza saturation, uye kuongorora tsvina yemvura yakaoma kubata nayo.
(4) Ion kuchinjana nzira
Iyo nzira yekutsinhanisa ion iri pasi pechiito chekuchinjanisa ion, ion mumvura inotsinhana phosphorus muchinhu chakasimba, uye phosphorous inobviswa neanion exchange resin, iyo inogona kukurumidza kubvisa phosphorus uye kuva nepamusoro phosphorus kubvisa kunyatsoshanda. Nekudaro, iyo resin yekutsinhana ine zvakaipira zvehupfu nyore uye kwakaoma kuberekwa patsva.
(5) Crystallization nzira
Kubviswa kwephosphorus nekristalllization ndeyekuwedzera chinhu chakafanana nepamusoro uye chimiro cheinsoluble phosphate kumvura yakasviba, kuparadza metastable mamiriro eion mumvura ine tsvina, uye kukonzeresa makristasi ephosphate pamusoro peiyo crystallization agent seye crystal nucleus, uye ipapo. paradzanisa uye bvisa phosphorus. Calcium-ine mineral materials inogona kushandiswa secrystallization agents, senge phosphate rock, bone char, slag, nezvimwewo, pakati peiyo phosphate rock uye bone char inonyanya kushanda. Inochengetedza nzvimbo yepasi uye iri nyore kudzora, asi ine yakakwirira pH zvinodiwa uye imwe calcium ion concentration.
(6) Manyoro ekugadzira
Yakagadzirwa wetland phosphorus kubviswa kunobatanidza zvakanakira biological phosphorus kubviswa, kemikari kunaya kwephosphorus kubviswa, uye adsorption phosphorus kubviswa. Iyo inoderedza phosphorus yemukati kuburikidza neiyo biological absorption uye assimilation, uye substrate adsorption. Kubvisa phosphorus kunonyanya kuburikidza ne substrate adsorption ye phosphorus.
Muchidimbu, nzira dziri pamusoro dzinogona kubvisa phosphorus mumvura yakasviba zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza, asi vese vane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Kana imwe yenzira dzacho ikashandiswa yoga, iyo chaiyo yekushandisa inogona kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Idzi nzira dziri pamusoro dzakanyanya kukodzera kurapwa kana kurapa kwepamusoro kwekubvisa phosphorus, uye yakasanganiswa nebiological phosphorus kubviswa kunogona kuita zvirinani.
Nzira yeKuona Yese Phosphorus
1. Molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry: Nheyo yekuongorora nekugadzirisa molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry ndeiyi: pasi pemamiriro eacidic, phosphorus mumvura inogona kuita ne molybdenum acid uye antimony potassium tartrate mumhando yeioni kuti iite asidi molybdenum. complexes. Polyacid, uye chinhu ichi chinogona kuderedzwa neinoderedza ascorbic acid kuti iite blue complex, iyo yatinoti molybdenum blue. Paunenge uchishandisa nzira iyi kuongorora masampuli emvura, nzira dzakasiyana dzekugaya dzinofanira kushandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwemvura. Kugayiwa kwe potassium persulfate kunowanzo kunanga masampu emvura ane mwero wakaderera wekusvibiswa, uye kana sampu yemvura yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya, inowanzoitika muchimiro cheokisijeni yakaderera, yakakwira simbi munyu uye organic zvinhu. Panguva ino, tinofanira kushandisa oxidizing Stronger reagent digestion. Mushure mekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kukwana, kushandisa nzira iyi kuona phosphorus zvinyorwa mumvura sampuli haigoni kungopfupisa nguva yekucherechedza, asiwo kuva nepamusoro-soro, kunzwisisika kwakanaka uye kuderera kwekuona muganhu. Kubva pakuenzanisa kwakazara, iyi ndiyo yakanakisa nzira yekuona.
2. Ferrous chloride reduction method: Sanganisa sampu yemvura ne sulfuric acid woipisa kuti ifashaire, wobva wawedzera ferrous chloride ne sulfuric acid kuderedza fosforasi yose kune phosphate ion. Wobva washandisa ammonium molybdate kuita color reaction, uye shandisa colorimetry kana spectrophotometry kuyera kunyura kuverengera yakazara phosphorous concentration.
3. High-temperature digestion-spectrophotometry: Digeya sampu yemvura pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti uchinje phosphorus yakazara kuita inorganic phosphorus ions. Zvadaro shandisa acidic potassium dichromate solution kuderedza phosphate ion uye potassium dichromate pasi pemamiriro ane acidic kuti ibudise Cr(III) uye phosphate. Iko kunyura kukosha kweCr (III) kwakayerwa, uye zviri mukati phosphorus zvakaverengerwa neyakajairwa curve.
4. Atomic fluorescence nzira: iyo phosphorus yakazara mumvura sampuli inotanga kushandurwa kuita inorganic phosphorus fomu, uye yozoongororwa neatomic fluorescence analyzer kuti ione zvirimo.
5. Gas chromatography: Iyo yakazara phosphorus mumvura sampuli inoparadzaniswa uye inowanikwa negesi chromatography. Sampu yemvura yakarapwa kutanga kubvisa phosphate ions, uye ipapo acetonitrile-mvura (9: 1) musanganiswa wakashandiswa se solvent for pre-column derivatization, uye pakupedzisira iyo yakazara phosphorus yemukati yakatemwa negasi chromatography.
6. Isothermal turbidimetry: shandura phosphorus yakazara mumvura sampuli mu phosphate ions, wobva wawedzera buffer uye Molybdovanadophosphoric Acid (MVPA) reagent kuti iite kuti iite yellow complex, kuyera kukosha kwekunyura ne colorimeter, uye ipapo The calibration curve yakashandiswa. kuverenga iyo yakazara phosphorus content.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-06-2023
