Sei mvura yetsvina ine munyu wakawanda yakaoma kurapa?Tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti mvura yakaraswa ine munyu wakanyanya chii uye kukanganisa kwemvura ine munyu yakawanda pane biochemical system!Ichi chinyorwa chinongotaura nezve biochemical kurapwa kwepamusoro-munyu tsvina!
1. Chii chinonzi tsvina ine munyu mukuru?
Mvura ine munyu wakanyanya inoreva mvura yetsvina ine munyu wose unosvika 1% (yakaenzana ne10,000mg/L).Iyo inonyanya kuuya kubva kumakemikari zvidyarwa uye kuunganidzwa uye kugadzirisa kwemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo.Mvura yetsvina iyi ine zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana (kusanganisira munyu, oiri, organic heavy metals uye radioactive materials).Mvura yakasvibiswa ine munyu inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, uye huwandu hwemvura huri kuwedzera gore negore.Kubvisa organic zvinosvibisa kubva kune ine munyu tsvina kune zvakakosha panharaunda.Biological nzira dzinoshandiswa pakurapa.High-concentration salt substances ine inhibitory effect pa microorganisms.Nzira dzemuviri uye dzemakemikari dzinoshandiswa pakurapa, izvo zvinoda mari yakakura uye mari yekushandisa yakakwira, uye zvakaoma kuwana zvinotarisirwa kucheneswa maitiro.Kushandiswa kwebiological nzira kurapa tsvina yakadaro kuchiri kutarisisa kwekutsvaga kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.
Mhando uye makemikari emhando ye organic matter mune yakakwira-munyu organic wastewater inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemaitiro, asi munyu urimo kazhinji munyu seCl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+.Kunyangwe maion aya ari chikafu chakakosha pakukura kweutachiona, anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira maitiro enzymatic, kuchengetedza membrane chiyero uye kudzora osmotic pressure panguva yekukura kwehutachiona.Nekudaro, kana kuwanda kwemaion aya kwakanyanyisa, kuchava nekudzivisa uye kune chepfu mhedzisiro pane tupukanana.Chiratidzo chikuru ndeichi: kukwirira kwemunyu, high osmotic pressure, kupera simba kwemasero e microbial, zvichiita kuti cell protoplasm iparadzane;salting kunze kunoderedza dehydrogenase basa;high chloride ions Mabhakitiriya ane chepfu;uwandu hwemunyu hwakakwira, kuwanda kwemvura yetsvina kunowedzera, uye matope akabatidzwa anoyangarara zviri nyore uye anorasika, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kucheneswa kweiyo biological treatment system.
2. Mhedzisiro yemunyu pane biochemical systems
1. Kutungamirira kukupera mvura mumuviri uye kufa kwemicroorganisms
Pamusoro pemunyu wakanyanya, shanduko muosmotic pressure ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera.Mukati mebhakitiriya inzvimbo yakavharwa semi-yakavharwa.Inofanira kuchinjanisa zvinhu zvinobatsira uye simba nemamiriro ekunze kuti ichengetedze simba rayo.Nekudaro, inofanirwawo kudzivirira zvakawanda zvekunze zvinhu kupinda kudzivirira kukuvadza iyo yemukati biochemistry.Kupindira uye kuvharidzira mhinduro.
Kuwedzera kwemunyu munyu kunokonzera kugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa mukati mebhakitiriya kuve kwakaderera kudarika kunze kwenyika.Uyezve, nekuda kwechimiro chemvura inofamba kubva pakudzika kusvika kune yakanyanya kuwanda, huwandu hwemvura hunorasika mubhakitiriya, zvichikonzera shanduko mukati memukati meiyo biochemical reaction nharaunda, pakupedzisira ichiparadza yavo biochemical reaction process kusvika yakanganiswa., utachiona hunofa.
2. Kuvhiringidza maitiro ekutorwa kwe microbial zvinhu uye kuvhara rufu rwavo
Sero membrane ine hunhu hwekusarudza permeability kusefa zvinhu zvinokuvadza kumabasa ehupenyu hwebhakitiriya uye kutora zvinhu zvinobatsira kumabasa ayo ehupenyu.Iyi nzira yekutora inobatwa zvakananga nekugadzirisa kugadzirisa, kuchena kwezvinhu, nezvimwe zvekunze kwekunze.Kuwedzerwa kwemunyu kunoita kuti nharaunda yekunyura kwebhakitiriya ivhiringike kana kuvharika, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti hupenyu hwehutachiona hudzivirirwe kana kufa.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anosiyana zvakanyanya nekuda kwemamiriro ebhakitiriya ega, mamiriro emhando, mhando dzemunyu uye kuwanda kwemunyu.
3. Poison uye kufa kwe microorganisms
Mimwe munyu inopinda mukati mebhakitiriya pamwe nemabasa avo ehupenyu, ichiparadza maitiro avo emukati ebiochemical reaction, uye mamwe anopindirana nebhakitiriya cell membrane, zvichiita kuti zvimiro zvavo zvishanduke uye zvisisazvidzivirire kana kusakwanisa kutora zvimwe. zvinhu zvinokuvadza kune mabhakitiriya.Zvinhu zvinobatsira, nekudaro zvichiita kuti basa rakakosha rebhakitiriya ridzivirirwe kana kuti mabhakitiriya afe.Pakati pavo, heavy metal salts ndivo vanomiririra, uye dzimwe nzira dzesterilization dzinoshandisa musimboti uyu.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwemunyu wakanyanya pakurapa kwebiochemical kunoratidzwa zvakanyanya mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Sezvo salinity inowedzera, kukura kweiyo activated sludge kunokanganisa.Iko kushanduka kwekukura kwayo kunotevera: nguva yekugadzirisa inova yakareba;chiyero chekukura munguva yekukura kwe logarithmic inononoka;uye nguva yenguva yekuderedza kukura inova yakareba.
2. Salinity inosimbisa microbial kufema uye sero lysis.
3. Munyu unoderedza kuodza kwezvipenyu uye kuparara kweorganic matter.Deredza chiyero chekubvisa uye degradation mwero we organic matter.
3. Ko iyo biochemical system inogona kumira zvakadii?
Zvinoenderana ne "Water Quality Standard for Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewers" (CJ-343-2010), kana ichipinda muchina chekuchenesa tsvina chechipiri, mhando yetsvina inorasirwa mumasuweji emudhorobha inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zveGiredhi B (Tafura. 1), pakati payo chlorine Makemikari 600 mg/L, sulfate 600 mg/L.
Zvinoenderana neAppendix 3 ye "Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 uye 2011 editions haitsanangure zviri mumunyu), "Zvinotenderwa kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura inopinza yebiological kurapwa zvimiro", iyo inotenderwa kusangana kwesodium chloride ndeye 4000mg/ L.
Injiniya ruzivo ruzivo runoratidza kuti kana chloride ion concentration mumvura yakasviba yakakura kudarika 2000mg / L, basa rema microorganisms richadziviswa uye COD yekubvisa chiyero ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya;apo chloride ion concentration mumvura ine tsvina yakakura kudarika 8000mg/L, sludge volume ichawedzerwa.Kuwedzera, huwandu hukuru hwefuro hunoonekwa pamusoro pemvura, uye ma microorganisms achafa imwe mushure meimwe.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, tinotenda kuti chloride ion concentration inopfuura 2000mg/L uye munyu wemukati uri pasi pe2% (yakaenzana ne20000mg/L) inogona kurapwa neyakagadzirwa sludge nzira.Zvisinei, kana munyu wakakwira, unobva watora nguva yekuwedzera.Asi yeuka chinhu chimwe, Munyu wemvura iri kuuya inofanira kunge yakagadzikana uye haigoni kuchinja zvakanyanya, kana zvisina kudaro biochemical system haizokwanisi kumira.
4. Matanho ezve biochemical system kurapwa kwepamusoro-munyu tsvina yemvura
1. Kuchengetedzwa kwedoro rakaitwa
Kana munyu wacho uri pasi pe2g/L, tsvina ine munyu inogona kucheneswa kuburikidza nekuita mudzimba.Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma munyu weiyo biochemical yekudyisa mvura, ma microorganisms anodzikamisa iyo osmotic pressure mukati memasero kana kudzivirira protoplasm mukati memasero kuburikidza neavo osmotic pressure regulation maitiro.Aya maitiro ekudzora anosanganisira kuunganidzwa kweyakaderera mamorekuru huremu zvinhu kuti igadzire itsva extracellular protective layer uye kuzvigadzirisa.Metabolic nzira, shanduko mune genetic kuumbwa, nezvimwe.
Naizvozvo, yakajairwa activated sludge inogona kurapa yakakwira-munyu tsvina mukati meimwe munyu yekuisa munyu kuburikidza nekugara kweimwe nguva yenguva.Kunyange zvazvo sludge yakagadziriswa inogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwemunyu kwegadziriro uye kugadzirisa kushanda kwehutano hwehurongwa kuburikidza nekugara, kuchengetwa kwedoro rakagadzirwa neMicroorganisms ine zvishoma kushivirira kwemunyu uye inonzwisisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu.Kana iyo chloride ion nharaunda yachinja kamwe kamwe, kuchinjika kwema microorganisms kunopera nekukurumidza.Domestication ingori yechinguvana physiological kugadziridzwa kwemicroorganisms kuti ienderane nenharaunda uye haina genetic maitiro.Iyi inogadzirisa senitivity inokanganisa zvakanyanya kukurapa kwetsvina.
Iyo acclimation nguva yeakagadziriswa sludge kazhinji mazuva 7-10.Acclimation inogona kuvandudza kushivirira kwe sludge microorganisms kune munyu.Kudzikiswa kweiyo activated sludge concentration padanho rekutanga rekuwedzera imhaka yekuwedzera kwemunyu mushonga wechepfu mamicroorganisms uye kukonzera kufa kwemamwe tupukanana.Zvinoratidza kukura kusina kunaka.Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekugara, ma microorganisms akachinjika kune yakashandurwa nharaunda anotanga kuberekana, saka iyo yakagadziriswa sludge inowedzera.Kutora kubviswa kweCODneyakagadzirwa sludge mu1.5% uye 2.5% sodium chloride mhinduro semuenzaniso, iyo COD yekubvisa mitengo mukutanga uye kunonoka acclimation matanho ndeiyi: 60%, 80% uye 40%, 60% zvakateerana.
2. Dilute mvura
Kuti uderedze kuwanda kwemunyu mune biochemical system, iyo inouya mvura inogona kuderedzwa kuitira kuti munyu udzike pane inochetura muganho kukosha, uye iyo biological kurapwa haizodzivirirwe.Zvakanakira kuti nzira iri nyore uye nyore kushanda uye kutarisira;kuipa kwayo ndeyekuti inowedzera kugadzirisa chiyero, mari yezvivakwa uye mari yekushandisa..
3. Sarudza mabhakitiriya anoshivirira munyu
Halotolerant mabhakitiriya ishoko rinowanzoreva mabhakitiriya anogona kushivirira kuwanda kwemunyu.Muindasitiri, ivo vanonyanya kusungirwa marara anoongororwa uye akafumiswa.Parizvino, iyo yakanyanya munyu yemukati inogona kutenderwa kutenderedza 5% uye inogona kushanda zvakadzikama.Inoonekwawo semhando yemvura ine munyu wakanyanya.A biochemical nzira yekurapa!
4. Sarudza nzira inonzwisisika inoyerera
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinosarudzwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zve chloride ion content, uye anaerobic process inosarudzwa zvakakodzera kuderedza kushivirira kwehutano hwekloride ion concentration muchikamu chinotevera aerobic..
Kana munyu wakakura kudarika 5g/L, kufefetedza uye kuisa pfungwa pakubvisa munyu ndiyo nzira ine mari uye inoshanda.Dzimwe nzira, dzakadai semitoo yekurima utachiona hune munyu, dzine matambudziko anonetsa kushanda mumaindasitiri.
Kambani yeLianhua inogona kupa nekukurumidza COD analyzer kuti iedze yakakwira munyu tsvina nekuti kemikari yedu reagent inogona kudzivirira makumi ezviuru zvekukanganiswa kwechloride ion.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-25-2024
