Turbidity zvinoreva mwero wekuvharika kwemhinduro yekufamba kwechiedza, iyo inosanganisira kupararira kwechiedza nechinhu chakarembera uye kutorwa kwechiedza nemamorekuru ane solute. Iyo turbidity yemvura haina hukama chete nezviri mukati mezvinhu zvakamiswa mumvura, asi zvakare zvine chekuita nehukuru hwavo, chimiro uye refractive index. Iyo unit iNTU.
Turbidity inowanzoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemhando yemvura yemvura yakasikwa, mvura yekunwa uye imwe mvura yemaindasitiri. Zvakaturikwa zvakasimba uye colloids zvakaita sevhu, silt, yakanaka organic matter, inorganic matter, uye plankton mumvura zvinogona kuita kuti mvura iite mhirizhonga uye kupa imwe turbidity. Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwemhando yemvura, iyo turbidity yakaumbwa ne1 mg SiO2 mumvura ye1L ndiyo imwe Standard turbidity unit, inonzi 1 degree. Kazhinji, iyo yakanyanya turbidity, iyo mhinduro inowedzera makore. Turbidity control chikamu chakakosha chekugadziriswa kwemvura mumaindasitiri uye chiratidzo chakakosha chemhando yemvura. Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwemvura, kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kune turbidity. Iyo turbidity yemvura yekunwa haifanire kudarika 1NTU; iyo turbidity yemvura yekuwedzera yekutenderera inotonhorera kurapwa kwemvura inodiwa kuve 2 kusvika ku5 madhigirii; iyo inopesvedzera mvura (mvura yakasvibirira) yekurapa kwemvura yakasvibiswa ine turbid Chiyero chehutu hunofanira kunge chiri pasi pemadhigirii matatu; kugadzirwa kwemafibhi akaitwa nevanhu kunoda kuti turbidity yemvura iite isingasviki 0.3 degrees. Sezvo zvakamiswa uye colloidal zvimedu zvinoumba turbidity kazhinji zvakagadzikana uye zvakanyanya kupomerwa zvakaipa, hazvigadzike pasina kurapwa kwemakemikari. Mukugadzirwa kwemvura mumaindasitiri, nzira dzekubatanidza, kujekesa uye kusefa dzinonyanya kushandiswa kuderedza turbidity yemvura.
Turbidity kuyerwa
Turbidity inogona kuyerwa zvakare nephelometer. Nephelometer inotumira chiedza kuburikidza nechikamu chemuenzaniso uye inoyera kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chakaparadzirwa nezvidimbu mumvura pakona ye 90 ° kuchiedza chechiitiko. Iyi nzira yekuyera chiedza chakapararira inonzi nzira yekuparadzira. Chero turbidity yechokwadi inofanira kuyerwa nenzira iyi. Iyo turbidity mita yakakodzera kune ese ari maviri munda uye murabhoritari kuyerwa, pamwe nekuenderera mberi kwekutarisa nguva nenguva.
Pane nzira nhatu dzekuona turbidity: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) mu ISO 7027, Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) muUSEPA Method 180.1 uye Nephelometry muHJ1075-2019. ISO 7027 uye FNU ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muEurope, nepo NTU ichinyanya kushandiswa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika. ISO 7027 inopa nzira dzekutarisa turbidity mumhando yemvura. Inoshandiswa kuona kuwanda kwezvimedu zvakamiswa mumucherechedzo wemvura nekuyera chiitiko chechiedza chakapararira pamakona ekurudyi kubva kumuenzaniso. Chiedza chakapararira chinotorwa nephotodiode, iyo inogadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi, icho chinozoshandurwa kuita turbidity. HJ1075-2019 inobatanidza nzira dze ISO7029 uye 180.1, uye inotora maitiro maviri-beam yekuongorora. Kuenzaniswa ne-single-beam monitoring system, iyo mbiri-beam system inovandudza kururamisa kwepamusoro uye yakaderera turbidity. Inokurudzirwa muchiyero chekusarudza turbidimeter ine chiitiko chiedza che 400-600 nm yemasampuli pazasi 10 NTU, uye turbidimeter ine chiitiko chiedza che860 nm±30 nm yemasampuli ane mavara. Nokuda kweizvi, Lianhua yakagadzirirwaLH-NTU2M (V11). Chiridzwa chakagadziridzwa chinotora 90 ° yekuparadzira turbidimeter ine otomatiki switching yechiedza chena uye infrared mbiri matanda. Paunenge uchitsvaga sampuli pazasi 10NTU, 400-600 nm mwenje sosi inoshandiswa. Paunenge uchiona turbidity pamusoro pe10NTU Uchishandisa 860nm mwenje sosi, otomatiki identification, otomatiki wavelength switching, hungwaru uye hwakarurama.
1. EPA180.1 inopihwa neUS Environmental Protection Agency. Inoshandisa mwenje wetungsten semwenje sosi uye inokodzera kuyera yakaderera-turbidity samples senge mvura yemupombi uye yekunwa mvura. Izvo hazvina kukodzera kune mavara emuenzaniso mhinduro. Shandisa 400-600nm wavelength.
2. ISO7027 chiyero chakapihwa neInternational Organisation for Standardization. Musiyano kubva kuEPA180.1 ndewekuti nano-LEDs anoshandiswa semwenje sosi, uye akawanda mafotodetectors anogona kushandiswa kudzivirira kuyerwa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemvura sampuli chromaticity kukanganiswa kana kurasika chiedza. Wavelength 860±30nm.
3. HJ 1075-2019 inopihwa neBazi reEcology neEnvironment yenyika yangu, iyo inosanganisa ISO7027 standard uye EPA 180.1 standard. Iine 400-600nm uye 860± 30nm wavelength. Kuwanda uye kuderera kwehuturu hunogona kuonekwa, mvura yekunwa, mvura yerwizi, mvura yedhamu rekushambira, uye mvura yetsvina inogona kuonekwa.
Nguva yekutumira: May-23-2023
