Kuvhuvhuta zvinoreva mwero wekuvharika kwemvura kuti chiedza chisapfuure, izvo zvinosanganisira kupararira kwechiedza nezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa uye kunyudzwa kwechiedza nemamorekuru anonyungudutswa. Kuvhuvhuta kwemvura hakungobatanidzwi chete nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mumvura, asiwo kune chekuita nehukuru hwazvo, chimiro uye refractive index. Chiyuniti ichi ndiNTU.
Kusviba kunowanzo kukodzera pakuongorora hunhu hwemvura yemumvura yechisikigo, mvura yekunwa uye mvura yemumaindasitiri. Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa uye zvakasanganiswa zvakaita sevhu, silt, fine organic matter, inorganic matter, uye plankton mumvura zvinogona kuita kuti mvura ive nematope uye kuve ne turbidity yakati. Zvichienderana nekuongorora hunhu hwemvura, kusviba kunoumbwa ne 1 mg SiO2 mu 1L yemvura iyuniti imwe chete ye turbidity, inonzi 1 degree. Kazhinji, kusviba kwakanyanya, mhinduro inowedzera matope. Kudzora kusviba chikamu chakakosha chekurapa mvura yemumaindasitiri uye chiratidzo chakakosha chehunhu hwemvura. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwemvura, kune zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zve turbidity. Kusviba kwemvura yekunwa hakufanirwe kudarika 1NTU; kusviba kwemvura yekuwedzera yekurapa mvura inotonhorera kunofanirwa kunge kuri 2 kusvika 5 degrees; mvura ine simba (mvura isina kucheneswa) yekurapa mvura yakabviswa munyu i turbidity Dhigirii re turbidity rinofanira kunge riri pasi pe 3 degrees; Kugadzirwa kweshinda dzakagadzirwa nevanhu kunoda kuti mvura irambe yakanyorova pasi pemadhigirii 0.3. Sezvo zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa necolloidal zvinoumba turbidity zvinowanzogadzikana uye zvakanyanya kushaikwa zvakanaka, hazvizogadzikane pasina kurapwa nemakemikari. Mukurapa mvura mumaindasitiri, nzira dzekuomesa, kujekesa uye kusefa dzinonyanya kushandiswa kuderedza turbidity yemvura.
Kuyerwa kwemvura inotonhora
Turbidity inogonawo kuyerwa ne nephelometer. Nephelometer inotumira chiedza kuburikidza nechikamu chemuenzaniso uye inoyera kuti chiedza chakapararira zvakadii nezvidimbu mumvura pakona ye90° kuenda kuchiedza chechiitiko. Iyi nzira yekuyera chiedza chakapararira inonzi nzira yekupararira. Chero turbidity chaiyo inofanira kuyerwa nenzira iyi. Turbidity mita yakakodzera kuyerwa mumunda uye murabhoritari, pamwe nekutarisa nguva dzose nguva dzese.
Kune nzira nhatu dzekuona turbidity: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) muISO 7027, Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) muUSEPA Method 180.1 uye Nephelometry muHJ1075-2019. ISO 7027 neFNU ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa muEurope, nepo NTU iri kunyanya kushandiswa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika. ISO 7027 inopa nzira dzekuongorora turbidity mumhando yemvura. Inoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwezvimedu zvakasungirirwa mumuenzaniso wemvura nekuyera chiedza chechiitiko chakapararira pamakona ekurudyi kubva kumuenzaniso. Chiedza chakapararira chinotorwa nephotodiode, iyo inogadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi, icho chinozoshandurwa kuita turbidity. HJ1075-2019 inosanganisa nzira dzeISO7029 ne180.1, uye inoshandisa sisitimu yekuona matanda maviri. Kana ichienzaniswa nesisitimu yekuona matanda maviri, sisitimu yematanda maviri inovandudza kururama kwe turbidity yakakwira neyakaderera. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti muchiyero usarudze turbidimeter ine mwenje wechiitiko we400-600 nm yemasampuli ari pasi pe10 NTU, uye turbidimeter ine mwenje wechiitiko we860 nm±30 nm yemasampuli ane mavara. Kuti izvi zviitike, Lianhua akagadzira.LH-NTU2M (V11)Chishandiso chakagadziridzwa chinoshandisa 90° scattering turbidimeter ine otomatiki yekuchinja chiedza chichena uye infrared double beams. Pakuona sampuro dziri pasi pe10NTU, chinoshandiswa 400-600 nm light source. Pakuona turbidity iri pamusoro pe10NTU Uchishandisa 860nm light source, otomatiki identification, otomatiki wavelength switching, hungwaru uye kururama.
1. EPA180.1 inoburitswa neUS Environmental Protection Agency. Inoshandisa rambi retungsten senzira yekupa chiedza uye yakakodzera kuyera masampuli asina kusviba zvakanyanya akadai semvura yepombi nemvura yekunwa. Haina kukodzera mhinduro dzemuenzaniso dzine mavara. Shandisa 400-600nm wavelength.
2. ISO7027 chiyero chakaburitswa neInternational Organisation for Standardization. Musiyano kubva kuEPA180.1 ndewekuti nano-LEDs dzinoshandiswa senzvimbo yechiedza, uye ma photodetector akawanda anogona kushandiswa kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwe chromaticity yemuenzaniso wemvura kana chiedza chakatsauka. Wavelength 860±30nm.
3. HJ 1075-2019 yakapihwa neBazi reEcology and Environment renyika yangu, iro rinosanganisa ISO7027 standard neEPA 180.1 standard. Ine 400-600nm uye 860± 30nm wavelength. Kuwanda kwemvura yakasviba kunogona kuonekwa, mvura yekunwa, mvura yerwizi, mvura yedziva rekushambira, nemvura yakasviba zvinogona kuonekwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-23-2023
